Issue 1 (27) ’ 2018

The article presents a retrospective review of language policy in Ukraine from 1991 to the present days. A number of draft laws are analyzed that directly or indirectly regulate issues of national, state language, its functioning in society, and especially in mass media of Ukraine, as the main source of information. An attempt was made to define main directions of the state language policy in contemporary Ukraine as a determining factor and the main feature of the identity of the Ukrainian nation, as well as analysis of the problems and contradictions in the implementation of the language policy of the state; the substantiation of proposals to strengthen the motivation of using the state language and raising its prestige.

Key words: language policy, priority directions, ethnic Ukrainians, national and cultural needs.

UDC 070: 340.116
The language policy of Ukraine: retrospective review for the period of state independence

Prystupenko Tetiana, PhD (History), prof.,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, The Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Melnykova St., Kyiv, 04119, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9546-8228

Introduction. During the years of independence the state language in Ukraine has been time and again the object of repression and destructive influences through the media, book publishing, show business, etc., and has almost been deprived of state care. Therefore one should focus on attempts to exploit the language issue in the interests of internal and external anti-Ukrainian forces.
Aim is to clarify Ukraine’s stance on the state language policy over the years of independence.
Method. Historical and genetic method has been used to determine changes in the language policy, to identify the peculiarities of the development of linguistic situations and factors that determine them; the empirical method has been used to study the documentary sources related to the language policy of Ukraine; the method of content monitoring has been used for automated information search on the Internet.
Results. The retrospective review of the language policy in Ukraine since 1991 to the present day has been conducted. A number of bills that directly or indirectly relate to the state language issues, in particular to their functioning in mass communication, have been analysed. The attempt has been made to define the main directions of the state language policy in modern Ukraine as a determining factor and the key sign of Ukrainian national identity; the analysis of the issues and contradictions in the implementation of state’s language policy has also been carried out.
Conclusions. The language policy in Ukraine should be consistent and balanced, and should comply with all legal instruments of international and regional organizations. Given the conclusions of the Venice Commission as to the language article of the law of Ukraine «On education», the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine should begin an effective dialogue with the representatives of national minorities and all interested parties regarding the language issue in education; should ensure that the execution of the Law does not threaten the preservation of the cultural heritage of minorities and the continuity of learning minority languages in traditional schools. Great importance should be attached to the adoption of a new languages law that would consider all the necessary aspects of the development of the state language and national minority languages.
Key words: language policy, focus areas, ethnic Ukrainians, ethnic and cultural needs.

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The article analyzes the development of religious journalism on the example of the Christian family magazine “Kana”. The influence of confessional mass-media on the audience and ways of expressing them the key positions of the church institute are studied. The purpose of the study is to create a moral and value picture of the “Kana” publications. It is determined that the publication has a diverse rubric and branched topics. This allows the editorials to cover as much as possible spheres of life and give the widest answer to numerous questions of an ordinary family through the prism of Christian traditions and values. At the same time, the diversity of the publication does not interfere with the perception of it as a coherent context-based canvas, because through each publication a vector of moral and ethical landmarks of a Christian passes through.

Key words: religious journalism, publications for the family, moral and value orientations, Christian magazine.

UDC 007 : 304 : 070

Christian family journal Kana as a morality for a modern reader

Alavatska Sabina, master,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, The Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Melnykova St., Kyiv, 04119, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected]
ORCID – http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-095X

Introduction. The article analyzes the development of religious journalism at the present stage on the example of the Christian edition for the family «Kana». The purpose of the study is to create a moral value picture of the publications of the Christian family magazine «Kana» and its impact on the process of formulating the outlook of a modern Ukrainian reader.
The urgency of the study is about researching the communication between the institute of the church and society through religious media. Method of monitoring the electronic sources of the Christian magazine for the Kana family journal during 2014–2017 were used. Also elements of content analysis were used to clarify the thematic direction and predominance of the readership of Christian confessional media.
As a result, through the monitoring and application the elements of content analysis a new factual background was obtained about the categorical and thematic content of the publication for the Kana family journal, and an analysis of its content for the subject of Christianity’s moral and ethical values was carried out. In our study we rely on the general requirements and ideals that shape the Christian religion, they are the pillars of morality, which are supported by the authors of the Christian family journal Kana. The key points here are the faith of Christians to the Sacred Scripture, the Sacred Translation, as well as the divine Trinity, the saving mission of the church, the immortality of the soul, the afterlife, and the main moral leitmotif we can determine the 10 commandments of Christ.
Conclusions. For the first time the moral and value components of the Kana’s publications were investigated. This is linked to the fact that the modern period of religious editions research is characterized by a fragmentary analysis of issues, topics, rubrics, also their typological and genre specific features. There are 6 different rubrics in the journal structure; each of them helps to reveal some special aspect of life using the Christian moral value. The diversity of the publication does not interfere with the perception of it as a single whole contextual canvas, because there is a moral Christian vector in every publication. The analysis of the rubrics and themes of Kana has shown that the publication of the family journal corresponds to Christian moral standards and disseminates religious ethical values.
Key words: religious journalism, publications for the family, moral and value orientations, Christian magazine.

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The article highlights the main features of the translated Ukrainian movie trailer as a type of audiovisual advertising. In addition, on the basis of analysis of a significant mass of translated Ukrainian trailers, which were prepared during 2015–2018, an attempt to classify them according to the content criterion was made. So, the following types of translated Ukrainian trailers those somehow correlate with the film are selected: trailer-announcement, the first official film trailer, second and subsequent official trailers, accompanying trailers – about the plot of the film, about the features of shooting, about the director’s idea of the film, about the characters, an invitation trailer to watch a movie from one of the main characters.

Key words: film trailer, movie trailer, translated Ukrainian film trailer, functions and types of translated Ukrainian movie trailer.

UDC 007 : 304 : 811’25

Functions and types of translated Ukrainian film trailers

Puzanov Vasyl, Senior research assistant
Zaporizhizhian National Technical University, Zhukovskogost. 64, Zaporizhzhia, 69061,Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].

Introduction. The film trailer has been known to Ukrainian audience for more than 15 years, but we have not detected any scientific research dedicated to it.Film trailers attracted us as an object of research due to their advertising function.At the same time, we had to make an emphasis on the analysis of the Ukrainian translated film trailers for two reasons: firstly, today most of Ukrainians do not speak English so well that English trailers can be viewed in a qualitative way by them, and secondly, the Ukrainian audience is the target audience of the Ukrainian translated trailer.
Relevance and purpose. The relevance of the chosen topic of study is determined by the novelty of the research object, in particular, in the field of social communications. Given the fact that there is no scientific research about the translated Ukrainian trailers, we were faced with the purpose of a primary attempt to analyze them as a special type of audiovisual advertisement.
Research methodology. The main methods that were used in the scientific article to determine the functions of a movie trailer and the classification of translated Ukrainian film trailers are observation, analysis, synthesis and generalization.
Results. The article defines the following main functions of the movie trailer: informational, affirmative and imperative, those correlate with the corresponding types of advertising. In addition, we have identified the following types of translated Ukrainian film trailers: trailer-announcement, the first official trailer, second and subsequent official trailers, accompanying trailers: about the story of the film, about the peculiarities of shooting, about the director’s idea of the film, about the characters, the invitation trailer to the preview the film.
Conclusions. The novelty of the scientific article is that the translated Ukrainian film trailer is for the first time analyzed in the field of social communications. For the first time an attempt to classify the translated Ukrainian film trailerіhas been made and the characteristic features of each species are defined. Special attention is paid to the advertising features of translated Ukrainian movie trailers. The obtained research results are important both for the theory of advertising, and can be taken into account during the further translating of foreign movie trailers.
Key words: film trailer, movie trailer, translated Ukrainian film trailer, functions and types of translated Ukrainian movie trailer.

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In the new media era all over the world local mass media are facing financial problems, staff reduction, circulation as well as advertisement market decline. Herewith content quality became questionable, and the number of exclusive news declines. However, such news is important, because the public have the opportunity to get first-hand information with proper verification. On the example of two oldest Odessa news sites («Reporter» and «Dumskaya») for 2005–2014 the low level of news exclusivity on local news sites is demonstrated (the average number of exclusive news is 7–12 %). Additionally journalists rarely check information at the scene. The situation with local news sites of other regions is quite similar. Internet mass media give preference to texts, which are convenient for the fast processing: scheduled events and reprints. This situation raises questions about the social functions performance, local news sites rarely criticize or control local authorities, thus, community engagement remains weak.

Key words: local news sites, professional standards of journalism, exclusivity, news quality, hard news.

UDC 316.774 : 004.738.5 : 614.8.01

Exclusive news on local sites: content quality and methods of gathering information

Steblyna Nataliia, PhD (Social Communications), assistant professor,
Odesa I. I. Mechnikov National University, 24/26, Fransuzskii bulvar, Odesa, 65058, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-9786

In the new media era all over the world local mass media are facing financial problems, staff reduction, circulation as well as advertisement market decline. Herewith content quality became questionable, and the number of exclusive news declines. However, such news is important, because the public have the opportunity to get wider background for information on local authorities, police etc. In order to understand a character of «hard news» on the local sites, the ratio of exclusive, breaking and planned news, news texts of two oldest Odessa news sites were analyzed. Content-analysis as a method was used. On the example of two oldest Odessa news sites («Reporter» and «Dumskaya») for 2005–2014 the low level of news exclusivity on local news sites is demonstrated (the average number of exclusive news is 7–12%). Additionally journalists rarely check information on the scene. Internet mass media give preference to texts, which are convenient for the fast processing. Press-releases, social network posts and information about scheduled events (press conferences, briefings etc.) are among them. The percent of such texts increases accordingly to the everyday norms of news on the news feed. During the research period the percent of exclusive news fluctuated, however the number of such news was always less than the number of breaking news (20–25%) and the number of news about scheduled events (57–58 %).
This situation rise questions about the role of news sites in the system of local mass media. If internet journalists can’t meet the needs of communities with exclusive, verified information, print or electronic mass media should fill this lacuna. However, the processes of digitalization, convergence and conglomeration force «the old mass media» to use the rules of WWW. So the percent of exclusive information declines here as well. And for all types of local mass media such social functions as criticism and control of local authorities are hard to achieve. Political (the lack of editorial independence), commercial (weak advertising market and decline in news consumption) as well as technological factors change the nature of «hard news», thus the questions about future of democracy, political engagement and community integration remains open.
Key words: local news sites, professional standards of journalism, exclusivity, news quality, hard news.

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The article considers and analyzes the problem of shortage of skilled personnel in public libraries in the conditions of the establishment of e-governance in Ukraine, highlights professional values and requirements for a modern librarian. The emphasis is placed on the fact that the professional training of a library specialist in the modern informatized society is a continuous, coherent and multidisciplinary process that involves the development and improvement of abilities, the acquisition of the necessary knowledge, technologies and functions of library management. On the basis of observations, new approaches are proposed in the field of improving the mechanisms of library specialists training.

Ключові слова: public libraries, personnel policy, advanced training, e-government.

UDC 023.5.088.6 : [351:004] (477)

Professional training of library specialists in the context of e-government develoPment in Ukraine

Plahtiy Alyona, PhD student,
Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, 36, E. Konovalets St., Kyiv, 02000, Ukraine, e-mail: bon-
[email protected].

With the introduction of e-government mechanisms in Ukraine, public libraries are increasinglyinvolved in this process. Firstly, they are free and open for the public. Secondly, public libraries position themselves as modern information centers today, and therefore use
their information potential for the development of e-government, implementing the right ofevery citizen to establish electronic information interaction with state authorities and local self-government.
In this regard, there is a rethinking of the value of library institutions in the system of modern information activities. There are new scientific tasks connected with researches of the role of libraries in the system of modern social information communications, improvement of their efficiency in library information-analytical support of state authorities.
Thus, the issue of educating the population about the skills of using public information through the Internet, as well as the electronic interaction of citizens with the authorities, became very relevant for libraries. But before teaching someone first, the librarians need to
learn themselves.
Librarians should be aware of political events, state reforms, technological innovations, participate in the information support of these processes, and involve users in e-government through the promotion of knowledge.
This determines the purpose of the article – to find out the place and role of library specialists in the context of e-government development in Ukraine. To prove the necessity of professional development and retraining of library staff for their further involvement in providing e-government services.
Today the specialists of book collections should must prove that they work the most professionally with information. Their knowledge, skills, and target guides are critical factors that influence the success of the institution, the quality of the information provided and the
level of readership. It is such a specialist who can realize the concept of intellectualization of the library profession and provide high-quality information and bibliographic services in the context of the development of e-government.
In each base library, a targeted curriculum for continuing education, retraining and advanced training of staff, updating of professional knowledge of employees on modern information.
Key words: public libraries, personnel policy, advanced training, e-government.

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The purpose of the article is to study the activities of public libraries in the South of Ukraine on ecological education. The author defines the main directions and forms of work of public libraries, their project activity. during the study it is proved that ecological education is a promising direction of cultural and educational activities, which is related to changes in the sociocultural environment of our time. The trends of the ecological format of cultural and educational activities in the 21st century are determined. Using the experience of public libraries in the southern region of Ukraine will improve cultural and educational work in the direction of ecological education in other regions of Ukraine. Awareness of the importance of this experience will enhance the role and place of the public library in the social communication system of society.

Ключові слова: ecology, cultural and educational activities, ecological education, creating an ecological culture, South of Ukraine.

UDC 024:324.15 (477)

Cultural and educational activities of public libraries of the south of Ukraine: ecological format

Sydorenko Tatyana, PhD (Social Communications),
Mykolaiv branch of Kiev National University of Culture and Arts, 17, Dekabristov St., Mykolaiv, 54017,
Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction. The complication of environmental problems in the modern world requires the search for innovative approaches to environmental education of the population through the activities of various social institutions, in particular public libraries. The study of the issues of education of ecological culture and the role of libraries in the ecological education of the population was carried out by national theorists and practitioners of the library business: N. Asharenkova, T .Dolbenko, N. Demeshkant, V. Luchanska, I. Romanchenko,
N. Rakytianska, V. Chyka; by foreign theorists and practitioners: V. Leshchynska, L. Osadchuk, T. Petrova, O. Suhotina, I. Feoktystova and others.
Topicality. The study of the ecological format of cultural and educational activities of public libraries of the 21st century promotes understanding of the opportunities, role and place of a public library in the system of environmental information and education. The
purpose of the article is to study the activities of public libraries in the South of Ukraine on ecological education.
Methodological basis of the research is the socio-communicative approach, the general-theoretical methods, which allowed to study the peculiarities of the activities of public libraries in the South of Ukraine on environmental education.
Results. The author defines the main directions of activities of public libraries on ecological education: creation of an ecological portrait of the region, city or village; presence in the library of ecological education system; the library acts as an information ecological center; creation of a reference and bibliographic service on environmental issues; involvement of young people in participation in moves to protect nature conservation. The main forms of work of libraries are the creation of centers of environmental information, universities of environmental knowledge; video reports, virtual exhibitions, theatrical quizzes, photo contests, flash mobs, actions, environmental conferences, ecological quests, presentations of «Green Resources» of the Internet, game-trainings, ecological chronicles of cities, villages; social and environmental library programs and projects.
Conclusions. Public libraries in the South of Ukraine become centers of environmental initiatives, defining ecological education as one of the main directions of their activities. Using the experience of public libraries in the southern region of Ukraine will improve
cultural and educational work in the direction of ecological education in other regions of Ukraine. Awareness of the importance of this experience will enhance the role and place of the public library in the social communication system of society.
Key words: ecology, cultural and educational activities, ecological education, creating an ecological culture, public library, South of Ukraine.

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The article gives a thorough description of the emergence and development of electronic libraries in Scandinavia (on materials from Norway, Finland, denmarkand Sweden), in particular, the development of the electronic library of the National Library of Norway, FinElib, the Finnish Virtual Library (FVL), the danish Electronic Research Library, OpenAccess.se program. The development of electronic libraries in the Scandinavian countries dates back to the mid-90s of the twentieth century. They are an example of the development of the infrastructure of public service by means of national and world electronic information resources. The libraries of the Scandinavian countries are technologically and organizationally advanced.

Ключові слова: electronic libraries, Norway, Finland, denmark, Sweden, electronic library services.

UDC 025.135:004(48)

Electronic libraries of scandinavian countries

Shuliak Svitlana, PhD (Pedagogical), docent,
Separated Subdivision «Mykolaiv branch of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts», 17, Dekabrys-
tiv St., Mykolaiv, 54000, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction. The development of electronic libraries in Scandinavia dates back to the mid-1990s, due to the introduction of electronic information technologies into library activity, the active inclusion of libraries in the network of modern social information communications. The electronic library, which is usually a structural component of large library institutions, has become a concentrated form of affirmation of electronic technologies in the library sphere.
Relevance of research. Taking into consideration the dynamic changes in the globalized world which determined the new requirements for the information service of library users, libraries are assigned new tasks for the formation of modern electronic information resources capable of reproducing and developing the innovative potential of society. In this regard, the experience of implementing electronic information technologies in the library service process and creation of electronic libraries in Scandinavia (on materials from Norway, Finland, Denmark and Sweden) is worth attention, in particular, the development of electronic information resources of the National Library of Norway, the Finnish Virtual Library , The Danish Electronic Research Library, the National Library of Sweden.
The aim of the article is to study the emergence and development of electronic libraries in the Nordic countries (on materials from Norway, Finland, Denmark and Sweden) from the 90 years of the twentieth century to the present.
Research methods. The methodology of the research involves the application of theoretical methods of research: analysis (structural-logical, semantic, systematic and complex), systematization, comparison and collation of scientific views on the problem of the establish-
ment and development of electronic libraries in the Nordic countries. The theoretical and informational basis for the study includes: scientific concepts and theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scientists on the mentioned problem; informational materials of periodicals and reference publications; Internet resources. The research results. The level of scientific study of the problem of electronic libraries development in the Scandinavian countries is researched; the role of electronic libraries in the service infrastructure of user servicing by national and world electronic information resources is substantiated; the digital collections of electronic libraries in Norway is investigated; a thorough analysis of the digital resources of the electronic libraries in Finland and Denmark is carried out; the tendencies of the development of electronic libraries of Sweden in the context of realization of national programs and projects on national electronic resources formation are determined.
Conclusions. The experience of Scandinavia in the implementation of electronic information technology in the process of library service and creation of electronic libraries is an example of the development of service infrastructure of population service by national and world electronic information resources.
The promising directions for further study of the electronic libraries of Scandinavia countries are the study of technology of their formation, software of the processes of storage of digital documents, the issues of standardization.
Key words: electronic libraries, Norway, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, electronic library services.

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The purpose of the study. In order to investigate the presence of radio programs in the languages of national minorities in the information space of Ukraine 128 radio stations (national, regional / local, public, Internet) and 160 audio streams were monitored. The topicality of this scientific investigation is determined by the need to understand the role of modern competitive Ukrainian radio in ensuring the national security of the country. It is revealed that certain programs are created in the Belarusian, Crimean Tatar, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Hungarian languages. It has been found out that the decline of the sector in the border regions results from the replacement of content by radio stations of the neighboring states. This does not contribute to countering the myths generated by hostile propaganda. One of the ways to improve the situation will be the creation of a full-featured multicultural radio station, whose activities will promote cultural understanding and carry out an educational function within the state.

Ключові слова: convergence, counter-propaganda, radio programs in languages of national minorities, Ukrainian-language radio.

UDC 316.77 : 070 : 654.195 : 314.743

Radio programs in the languages of national minorities in Ukraine: information interventions and counter-propaganda

Hirina Tetyana, PhD (Social Communications), Doctoral,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, The Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Melnykova St., Kyiv,
04119, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected]

Introduction. Scientific literature does not contain any researches on radio programs in the languages of national minorities in Ukraine. A systemic review of their role in ensuring the national security of the state in terms of technological progress is needed.
The topicality of this scientific investigation is determined by the need to understand the role of modern competitive Ukrainian radio in ensuring the national security of the country.
The purpose of the study. In order to investigate the presence of radio programs in the languages of national minorities in the information space of Ukraine 128 radio stations (national, regional / local, public, Internet) and 160 audio streams were monitored. It is
revealed that certain programs are created in the Belarusian, Crimean Tatar, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Hungarian languages.
Methodology. The author used methods of monitoring, analysis and generalization of scientific specialized literature, media content of the Internet, in particular the sites of modern Ukrainian-language radio stations, as well as methods of systematization, induction, descriptive and analytical methods.
Results. It has been found out that the decline of the sector in the border regions results from the replacement of content by radio stations of the neighboring states. This does not contribute to countering the myths generated by hostile propaganda. One of the ways to improve the situation will be the creation of a full-featured multicultural radio station, whose activities will promote cultural understanding and carry out an educational function within the state.
Conclusions. The study offers the first comprehensive analysis of the sector of radio programs in the languages of national minorities in the context of the media environment transformation under the influence of convergent processes. In the future, the results of the
research may become the basis for developing a model for increasing the competitiveness of Ukrainian radio in the world.
Key words: convergence, counter-propaganda, radio programs in languages of national minorities, Ukrainian-language radio.

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This article attempts to study the phenomenon of franchising in Ukrainian periodicals on the basis of content, structural and thematic analysis of a number of publications of different directions. Such an analysis will make it possible to determine the main criteria for adapting different types of magazines to the national media space. The purpose of the article provides for a comprehensive study of the phenomenon of franchising in the segment of popular Ukrainian glossy magazines and the study of the impact of this phenomenon on the globalization processes in the domestic media. Ukrainian periodicals, issued on the rights of a franchise contract, are the main object of the article. The volume is determined by familiarizing with the history of the most popular Ukrainian journals and studies on the existence of a franchise contract for the conditions of their publishing in Ukraine. The edition is analyzed in terms of thematic and content orientations, as well as their volume, heading, illustration, internal advertising and editorial policy have been researched

Ключові слова: франчайзинг, глобалізація, глянцеві видання, жіночий журнал, аудиторія.

UDC 007 : 304 : 070

Social-communicational adaptation of franchiSing types of editions to the ukrainian media space

Pryadko Julia, magister,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, The Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Melnykova St., Kyiv,
04119, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected]

The importance of the research. Global processes, which significantly intensified in the post-Soviet space in the mid 90-ies of the last century, have significantly affected Ukraine. They influenced almost all areas of public life, and especially this trend has affected the do-
mestic media environment, since this industry was at the stage of formation. The most vulnerable to the penetration of international formats were glossy editions. Such magazines, taking into account international experience, began to operate in Ukraine under franchising conditions. Obviously, such a model of cooperation involves the informational and financial impact of the franchisor on the franchisee, and sometimes even pressure on editorship and editorial policies. On the other hand, franchising in the media space has accelerated the pace of development of national media. However, not all editions managed to adapt to the conditions and needs of the domestic market – some have ceased to exist.
The aim of the study is to analyze and describe the functioning of the phenomenon of franchising in the market of national press on the basis of several glossy editions of the franchising type.
Methods of the research. It was realized mainly due to the method of interview. The information provided by the chief editors of Ukrainian glossy magazines was the basis for this and further research.
Results and conclusions. As a result, it was possible to outline the main advantages and risks associated with the phenomenon of franchising in the media, as well as identify the ways and means of adapting such editions to the national media space. In particular, it is about mental and linguistic-stylistic devices, as well as constant contact with their own audience. At the same time, franchise publications are completely dependent on central offices in graphic design and compliance with image standards. In general, the Ukrainian information product is currently in high demand, rather than foreign, and it is gradually supplanting it. In the future, this will lead to the full nationalization of the content of franchise magazines, which will require additional research.
Key words: franchising, globalization, glossy editions, women’s magazine, audience.

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The aim of the study is to define basic characteristics of satiric and humorous press of Odesa of the end of the ХІХ century (thus to research print publications, to track creative biography of editors and publishers, to determine genres and content of publications). The satiric and humorous collections are the object of this article; 16 editions of similar type which were not the subject of scientific research till now. Reference-bibliographic, biographic-descriptive, problem-thematic methods were used in the process of research content, circumstances and terms of edition of the selected objects, identification of peculiarities of activity of editors and publishers, as well as authors. 16 satiric and humorous collections (Odesa, 1876–1896) have been found and described. Literary, editorial and publishing activity of five representatives from 12 initiators of Odesa press selected for analysis (М. Linovskyj, М. Frejdenberg, L. Kornman, Yu. Sandomirskyj, А. Rabinovich) was researched, the spectrum of their journalistic work was extended, and some clarifications were brought in biographic data.

Key words: serials, censorship, satirical and humoristic press, editor-in-chief, publisher, content, genre.

UDС 007:304:070

Satiric and humorous press of Odesa of the end of the XX century

Sydorenko Natalya, D.Sc. (Philology), Professor,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, The Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Melnykova St., Kyiv,
04119, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected].

The aim of the study is to define basic characteristics of satiric and humorous press of Odesa of the end of the ХІХ century (thus to research print publications, to track creative biography of editors and publishers, to determine genres and content of publications). The satiric and humorous collections (Odesa, 1876–1896) are the object of this article; 16 editions of similar type which were not the subject of scientific research till now.
Methods. The analyzed press was identified during work at the General alphabetical catalogue of books in the Russian national library (Saint Petersburg). By the typology of the print publications Odesa collections are deposited in book funds, although actually belong to serials. Reference-bibliographic, biographic-descriptive, problem-thematic methods were used in the process of research content, circumstances and terms of edition of the selected objects, identification of peculiarities of activity of editors and publishers, as well as authors. Scientific methods of analysis, comparison, generalizations allowed recreating not popular or unknown pages in the history of satiric and humorous literature of the second half of the ХІХ century.
Results and conclusions. 16 satiric and humorous collections (Odesa, 1876–1896) have been found and described (imprint, censorial permissions, thematic and genre content). These are editions of newspaper or magazine type, combining text and image (caricature, comic picture). Such genres as leading article, etude, sketch, poem, story, parody, joke, humoresque, anecdote, aphorism, etc. were mostly used. Literary, editorial and publishing activity of five representatives from 12 initiators of Odesa press selected for analysis (М. Linovskyj, М. Frejdenberg, L. Kornman, Yu. Sandomirskyj, А. Rabinovich) was researched, the spectrum of their journalistic work was extended, and some clarifications were brought in biographic data. The next step is deep research of creators (publishers, editors, employees, correspondents) of the press of the past, which was forgotten, or dissolved in library funds, meticulous study of their journalistic and publishing biography, and comprehension of content of the periodicals and serials.
Key words: serials, censorship, satirical and humoristic press, editor-in-chief, publisher, content, genre.

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The coexistence of modern traditional media and electronic diaries is analysed. The indicators of users’ credibility of blogs as a genre of online journalism, as well as journalists’ attitude to blogs as information source, have been studied. The diffusion area of traditional media and the blogosphere has been characterized. The primary methods used in the research are generalization, review of scientific sources and opinions, as well as web surveying.
The conducted research has given reasons to suggest that bloggers shape a fundamentally new approach to the existence of the communication process. This statement is based on the fact that traditional media are not always unbiased, while a blogger can be and is independent. At the same time blogs cannot be treated as professional media, since content quality and author’s competence are the key factor. The volume of material, form of presentation, frequency of information sharing, as well as journalism standards and ethics, are of great importance.

Key words: traditional media, blog, Internet technologies, amateur materials, diffusion area.

UDC 007: 304: 070

Blogs and traditional media: an analysis of coexistence

Dosenko Anzhelika, PhD (Social Communications), Associate Professor,
Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts, 36, E. Konovalets St., Kyiv, 02000, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]

Introduction. Modern studies of the blogosphere has offered no solutions to the issue of the possibility of replacing blogs with traditional media so far; of journalists’ attitude towards the blogosphere as a competent information source; of the possibility of using blogs for disseminating information to the public.
Aim. To study: the coexistence of modern traditional media and electronic diaries; the indicators of users’ credibility of blogs as a genre of online journalism, as well as journalists’ attitude towards the blogosphere as a competent information source. Practicing journalists’ and bloggers’ electronic diaries dated 2016-2017 have been used as research material.
The factor of a diffusion area between traditional media and blogs as the only components of the modern information field is currently a relevant topic in scientific research.
Method. Review of scientific sources and opinions has become the primary method for identifying the elements of the holistic vision of the blogosphere in the academic community. Generalization has served to create the image of blog perception in Ukraine and worldwide. Web surveying has made it possible to obtain information related to web users’ attitude to blogs as an information source.
Results. The coexistence of blogs and mass media in the electronic media is going through the stage of formation. This process is complicated by the ways the information is presented to the masses. The immense advantage of a blog is the author’s proximity to the target audience. A blog can give a general overview of the public opinion or to determine the response to a particular publication, as well as obtain citation material. A blog is presently the only genre of online journalism capable of performing the function of «social control» that lies in monitoring mass media activity and users’ attitude to it. The diffusion area of traditional media and the blogosphere are characterized.
Conclusions. Bloggers shape a fundamentally new approach to the existence of the communication process. At the same time blogs cannot be treated as professional media, since content quality and author’s competence are the key factor. The volume of material, form of presentation, frequency of information sharing, as well as journalism standards and ethics, are of great importance.
Key words: traditional media, blog, Internet technologies, amateur materials, diffusion area.

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In the article the basic suggestive ploys are reviewed. Suggestion is an efficient means of public opinion formation because of its latent nature and orientation to the sensually-associative constituent of consciousness. On the basis of the latest scientific research the author determines four main groups of suggestive instruments and traces their implementation in the electronic edition «The Guardian». Verbal markers of suggestion are effectively applied in «The Guardian» at the lexical, morphological, syntactic and pragmatic level to implement the suggestive techniques. Non-verbal markers of suggestion implement the basic ploys at the graphic level with the help of paragraphemic means, as well as at the image level by means of visual tools.

Key words: public opinion, electronic media, content, suggestion, suggestive receptions.

UDC 007 : 811.111 : 32.019.51

Suggestive instrumentation of the electronic version of the newspaper «The Guardian»

Rudenko Natalia, PhD student,
Sumy State University, 2, Rymsky­-Korsakov St., Sumy, 40007, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1929-2077

Introduction. In the information age the electronic mass media play a significant role in public opinion formation. Due to the large audience of readers and Internet users the reputable issues actively use such psycholinguistic tool as suggestion.
Relevance and purpose. Suggestion is an efficient means of public opinion formation because of its latent nature and orientation to the sensually-associative constituent of consciousness. The main purpose of realization of the suggestive instruments in the electronic media materials is the image formation of the politicians, public persons, drawing attention to the critical phenomena and events in the society, the formation of the general mood and attitude to the problems of different scale in order to accelerate the search for effective solutions, as well as the involvement of the masses into participation in various projects, including charity.
Methodology. The main method of our research was the qualitative-quantitative method of study of the documents, namely, the content analysis. On the basis of the latest scientific research the author determines four main groups of suggestive instruments and traces their implementation in the electronic edition «The Guardian».
Results. Verbal markers of suggestion are effectively applied in the electronic edition «The Guardian» at the lexical, morphological, syntactic and pragmatic level to implement the suggestive techniques. To construct each of the suggestive ploys a set of markers is used, which most effectively contribute to the realization of its main goal – forming a sustainable point of view regarding a certain object or a phenomenon, described in the materials. Non-verbal markers of suggestion implement the basic ploys at the graphic level with the help of paragraphemic means, as well as at the image level by means of visual tools.
Conclusions. Selection of a specific set of markers of suggestion is made depending on the goals and genre of publication. Therefore, every professional journalist should master the modern suggestive mass-media technologies to improve the level of media literacy, and to develop contra-suggestible strategies in order to resist in the informational war.
Key words: public opinion, electronic media, content, suggestion, suggestive receptions.

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In the article, taking into consideration the achievements of researchers, it is outlined the genesis of information war and the use of its tools through the activities of the media and communications. The research was carried out on the analysis of examples of information aggression of Russian Federation against Ukraine and other states, as well as on domestic media practice. It is established that Ukrainian media contrast more the standards of professional ethics, keeping the principles of objectivism, balance, truthfulness, using rebuttal journalism to propaganda, psychological pressure, manipulation, and often even overt deception of Russian representatives of mass media. Having based on the analyzed theoretical sources, mass media and mass communication, it is proposed the ways of counteracting of information aggression. It is substantiated the necessity of using asymmetric actions: increasing citizens’ media literacy, neutralizing the influence of fake messages, using alternative methods of spreading news, promoting the activities of official diplomats, strengthening the role of «popular diplomacy», active using and promoting the world experience in the fight with external information aggression.

Key words: information war, hybrid war, information aggression, propaganda, media literacy, fake news, information security.

UDC 007 : 070 : [316.485.26:316.776]

Features of journalists’ work in the conditions of information war

Zhuhai Vitalii, PhD (Philology),
National University «Odessa Law Academy», 7 B, Academichna St., Odessa, 65000, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-2183
Tarasuk Volodymyr, PhD (Philology),
Uzhhorod National University, 14, Universytetska St., Uzhhorod, 88016, Ukraine, e-mail:[email protected]
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3216-0415

Introduction. The researches don’t pay enough attention to the peculiarities of the journalist’s work in the context of information warfare against the backdrop of Russian aggression in Ukraine. It is necessary to study comprehensively this problem, taking into account the activities in particular of national and Russian media.
The topicality of this article is conditioned by the need to find out the peculiarities of the journalist’s work in the conditions of an information war against the background of Russian aggression in Ukraine.
The purpose of the study. The neccesity of considering of journalists’ specific in the conditions of information warfare.
Methodology. Monitoring, analysis, generalization of professional literature and journalistic materials placed on the Internet on the topic are used.
Results. The term «information war» has its origins, its ancient roots and is often combined with the concepts of «psychological warfare», «hybrid war», «propaganda», «language of hostility». However, it is not identical with them. Russian and Ukrainian journalists usually use the opposite mechanisms of using information warfare tools.
Conclusions. It is necessary to counteract the information war by the complex of means. Ukrainian journalists should promote citizens’ media literacy, ensure the reliability and proper quality of publications by means of fact checking methods and resources, keep the standards of journalistic ethics and quality press, talk about the activities of official diplomats and manifestations of «people’s» diplomacy, inform citizens about fake news for minimizing of destructive influence of unfair information. It is also important to use and promote world experience in combating with external information aggression.
Key words: information war, hybrid war, information aggression, propaganda, media literacy, fake news, information security.

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The article deals with the history of factcheking, the methods of manipulation, tools for verification of information. The attention is focused on the problem of fakcheking in Ukraine, the methods of functioning of the four Ukrainian Factochemistry Portal " Word and Business", VoxUkraine, FactCheck-Ukraine, Stopfake.org. In article demonsrate the indications of false information. The analysis of the content of the sites made it possible to clarify the wording of the concept of " factcheking" and " verification" and to give the main features indicating the need for verification of data.

Key words: fakcheking, manipulation, verification of information, data.

UDC 007 : 070.13(477)(075)

FactCheking and verification in the journalism activity

Shevchenko Viktoriya, D.Sc. (Social Communications), Associate Professor,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, The Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Melnykova St., Kyiv, 04119, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1642-1283/

Why do this study. The article deals with the history of factcheking, the methods of manipulation, tools for verification of information. Verifying the data and facts for authenticity, accuracy, completeness, propaganda and manipulation helps to clear the media markets from lie, gives an opportunity to increase social media literacy, to educate people in critical thinking.
The purpose of the article is to characterize the current state of journalism in the field of checking the authenticity of facts and data, to indicate the signs indicating the need for facetchinking in Ukraine. The analysis of the content of the sites made it possible to clarify the wording of the concept of «factcheking» and «verification» and to give the main features indicating the false data.The attention is focused on the problem of fakcheking in Ukraine, the methods of functioning of the four Ukrainian Factochemistry Portal «Word and Business», VoxUkraine, FactCheck-Ukraine, Stopfake.org. In article demonstrate the indications of false information. The analysis of the content of the sites made it possible to clarify the wording of the concept of «factcheking» and «verification» and indicate the main features fer the verification of data. The basic principles of the work of the factcheking sites are the strengthening of media literacy of the audience and the struggle for a clear separation of journalism facts and propaganda.
Research methods. The main methods used in the article are content analysis and synthesis, as well as scientific modeling. The author analyzed the websites and portals of media organizations, which are based on fakcheking, structured and synthesized the material presented there, and made generalizations regarding the specifics of data and facts verification.
Results. The research materials allowed to develop certain signs of falsehood of information and manipulation of facts: excessive emotionality; exaggeration; concealment of information; substitution of concepts; overstatement or understatement of evaluation; incorrect data comparison; availability of quotation without context; obsessive positive-negative; appeal only to the past; reference only to data from Wikipedia; avoiding discussion of awkward topics; the position and hidden intentions of the author of the material; the correct statistics with the wrong interpretation; reputation of information source; the source’s belonging to specific people with their political preferences.
Key words: fakcheking, manipulation, verification of information, data.

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The article considers educational praxes for journalist students concerning the rights observance of socially vulnerable groups in mass media. The methodology, theoretical and practical aspects of teaching and the main educational content used in teaching are highlighted within the frame work of the topics. The knowledge importance of the presentation of topics concerning socially vulnerable groups by media professionals is emphasized. The special attention is paid to interdisciplinary relationships in the context of studying the topics concerning socially vulnerable groups.

Key words: socially vulnerable groups, human rights, mass media, journalist students, training.

УДК 007 : 378

Дотримання прав соціально вразливих груп у засобах масової інформації: освітні практики

Ковальова Тетяна, канд. наук із соц. комунік., е-mail: [email protected];
Сипченко Інна, канд. наук із соц. комунік., е-mail: [email protected];
Гаврилюк Інна, канд. наук із соц. комунік., е-mail: [email protected],
Сумський державний університет, вул. Римського-Корсакова, 2, Суми, 40007, Україна.

Вступ. В українських вищих навчальних закладах, де провадиться підготовка фахівців за спеціальністю «Журналістика», і досі не випрацювані єдині механізми щодо викладання тем, які стосуються дотримання в ЗМІ прав соціально вразливих груп. Проте це питання є вкрай актуальним в системі професійної підготовки майбутніх мас-медійників.
Метою є розробка та висвітлення навчальних практик, що застосовуються на кафедрі журналістики та філології Сумського державного університету під час ознайомлення студентів-журналістів із базовими принципами роботи з інформацією про соціально вразливі групи населення.
Методологія. Базується на системному підході, який дозволяє виявляти практики вивчення медіа, пов’язані з висвітленням прав соціально вразливих груп у засобах масової інформації. На різних стадіях дослідження використані такі методи, як аналіз документальної інформації, систематизація та ін.
Результати. У статті розкрито методологічні прийоми, теоретико-практичні аспекти викладання, основний зміст навчального контенту, що використовується в процесі вивчення окресленої проблематики. Було встановлено, що тема дотримання у ЗМІ прав соціально вразливих груп є затребуваною, цікавить студентів-журналістів. Вони активно впроваджують отримані знання у медіапрактику. Враховуючи важливість проблеми, на кафедрі журналістики та філології СумДУ був запроваджений відповідний курс у межах дисципліни «Професійна етика та медіаправо». Також вищезазначена проблематика розглядається під час вивчення інших практико орієнтованих курсів. Акцентується увага на міжпредметних зв’язках у контексті вивчення тем, що стосуються соціально вразливих груп. Найкращою формою медіаосвітнього процесу в контексті вивчення вищезазначеної теми визначено тренінги, що реалізують принцип практичного журналізму.
Висновки. Формування професійних стандартів, система моральних та етичних цінностей має починатися з перших років підготовки студентів-журналістів. Українські вищі навчальні заклади, які виховують журналістів, не розробили механізми формування засобів масової інформації для вирішення цього питання. Порушена проблема є першим кроком, який надалі розроблятиметься, поглиблюватиметься й іншими закладами вищої освіти, де готують студентів-журналістів.
Ключові слова: соціально вразливі групи, права людини, ЗМІ, студенти-журналісти, тренінг.

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The article is devoted to the study of the publishing activity of Ivan Franko in the second half of the 1870’s, in particular the book series «The Tiny Library». A books I. Franko’s became a research object. His epistolary heritage was analyzed. The article deals on the processes of formation and functioning of the book series «The Tiny Library» in XIX century. The article talks about the stages of work in the series, such as the translation of texts, the search for sources of funding, change of the thematic, as well as reasons of the closing the series. Among the basic methods of research is analise of the historical and bibliographical sources, monographs, articles and letters, and so on. It gave an opportunity to find the necessary information in letters to M. Drahomanov, O. Roshkevych, M. Pavlyk, information about the aktivities I. Franko’s in general which is located in on-line. In the article defined basic directions of publishing activities of Ivan Franko during 1877–1880 years.

Key words: Ivan Franko, book series «The Tiny Library», epistolary heritage, thematic, translation, funding, 1877–1880th.

УДК 655.4 (477.83-25) «1877–1880» (082.1) (092) Іван Франко

«Дрібна бібліотека» І. Франка (1877–1880): приклад успішної комунікативної взаємодії з культурним контекстом

Сирота Лілія, канд. філол. наук,
Львівський національний університет імені Івана Франка, вул. Валова, 18, Львів, 79008, Україна, e-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-291X.

Вступ. Остання третина XIX ст. – час піднесення української культури в Галичині та громадської активності її представників. Cпостерігаємо вагомі досягнення української інтелігенції у видавничій сфері. І. Франко, М. Павлик, І. Белей піклувалися про освіту народу, видаючи упродовж 1877–1880 рр. книжкову серію «Дрібна бібліотека».
Актуальність. На сьогодні майже не існує «білих плям» у вивченні життя і діяльності І. Франка та його однодумців, однак деякі факти потребують уточнення і деталізації.
Мета статті. На основі аналізу листування І. Франка з М. Драгомановим, М. Павликом, О. Рошкевич акцентувати увагу на хронологічних межах участі цих діячів у виданні книжкової серії «Дрібна бібліотека», показати складні суспільні та фінансові умови, в яких довелося готувати до друку томи цієї серії, розкрити причини припинення праці над нею тощо.
Методологія. Автор спиралася на досягнення Б. Якимовича, М. Тимошика, О. Дея та ін., у яких широко представлено видавничу діяльність І. Франка в контексті його часу. Використано хронологічний, зіставний, психологічний методи, а також аналізу та логічного групування джерельного матеріалу.
Результати дослідження. Завдяки І. Франкові галичани мали змогу читати українською мовою найновіші резонансні художні твори й наукові розвідки відомих у Європі авторів. Видаючи «Дрібну бібліотеку», він листувався з діячами на провінції і в еміграції, запрошуючи їх до праці над перекладами, шукаючи кошти для друку. Надіявся, що видані книги сприятимуть духовному росту українців, прагнув до тематичного розширення серії. Листування дозволяє відчути літературну атмосферу останньої третини XIX ст. як Західної Європи, так і Галичини, увійти в світ модерних філософсько-естетичних ідей та природознавчих відкриттів, якими жили тоді люди. І. Франко одним із перших знайомив українців зі здобутками світової художньої літератури та науки; регулярно слідкував за книжковими новинками у Росії, Польщі, Німеччині, Франції; підтримував малознаних перекладачів, заохочуючи їх до праці, зокрема допоміг «вийти в люди» О. Рошкевич, друкуючи її переклади.
Висновки. І. Франко – менеджер, редактор, видавець, популяризатор «Дрібної бібліотеки». Можна сміливо ствердити, що ця серія – Франкова. Результати дослідження її тематико-типологічних особливостей, видавничі контакти І. Франка, ставлення української інтелігенції до його задумів можуть бути використані у більш ширших наукових дослідженнях із проблем типології книги ХІХ ст., суспільної активності, книжкового репертуару видавничих осередків тощо.
Ключові слова: Іван Франко, книжкова серія «Дрібна бібліотека», епістолярна спадщина, тематика, переклад, фінансування, 1877–1880.

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