Issue 1 (35) ’ 2021

The aim of this study is to define on the basis of archival documents and Lesia Ukrainka’s episto-lary heritage the circumstances of her cooperation with mass media of the Russian Empire in the period 1905–1907, when Ukrainian newspapers and magazines were created in the Dnieper region and other cit-ies. The object of the study is mass media (projected periodicals and those published at that time), which published mostly literary works of art of the writer. The analysis includes archival materials related to projects and programs of the Ukrainian media of the early XXth century and creative work of Lesia Ukrainka. The research methods include biographical method, analogy, comparison, generalization, etc. It was found out that during 1905–1907 Lesiya Ukrainka was actively interested in new Ukrainian pe-riodicals, she has published a number of works (stories, poetry, translations, etc.) in the Ukrainian or pro-Ukrainian magazines in Odesa, Kyiv, St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Poltava; she has agreed to join the newspaper «Labor» and the children’s magazine «Star», which were never published.

Key words: Lesia Ukrainka, periodicals, media projects, epistolary, Ukrainian journalism.

UDC 007 : 304 : 070 (477) (09)

Lesia Ukrainka’s cooperation with the Ukrainian press (1905–1907)

Sydorenko Natalya, D. Sc. (Philology), Professor, e-mail: [email protected];¹
ORCID ІD: 0000-0001-8734-9704
Sydorenko Oleksandr, Director, e-mail: [email protected].²
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-4296-9955

¹Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Yu. Illenka St., Kyiv,
04119, Ukraine.
²Consortium for Enhancement of Ukrainian Management Education, Training and Methodological Center,
Esplanadna St., 28, Suite 7, Kyiv, 01001, Ukraine.

The aim of the study is to define on the basis of archival documents and epistolary heritage of Lesia Ukrainka the circumstances of her cooperation with mass media of the Russian Empire in the period 1905–1907, when Ukrainian newspapers and magazines were created in the Dnieper region and other cities. The object of the study is mass media (projected periodicals and those published at that time), which published mostly literary works of art of the writer.
Methods. The research methods include biographical method, study of epistolary heritage, analogy, comparison, generalization, etc. The analysis includes archival materials (Manuscripts and Textual Studies, Shevchenko Institute of Literature, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine; Russian State Historical Archive in St. Petersburg; Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kyiv) related to projects and programs of the Ukrainian press of the early XXth century and creative activity of Lesia Ukrainka.
Results and conclusions. It was found out that during 1905–1907 Lesia Ukrainka was actively interested in new Ukrainian periodicals, expressed a desire to work as an editor, chronicler, columnist, and in general to cooperate with the media. The writer has published a number of works (stories, poetry, translations, etc.) in the magazines «Yuzhnyie Zapiski / Southern Notes» (Odesa, 1902–1905), «Shershen / Hornet» (Kyiv, 1906), «Vil’na Ukraina / Free Ukraine» (St. Petersburg, 1906), «Zoria / Dawn» (Moscow, 1906), «Nova hromada / New Community» (Kyiv, 1906), «Ridnyj kraj / Native Land» (Poltava, 1905–1906, Kyiv, 1907–1914; Hadiach, 1914–1916); she has agreed to join the newspaper «Pratsia / Labor» (Kyiv, 1905) and the children’s magazine «Zirka / Star» (Poltava, 1907), which were never published.

Key words: Lesia Ukrainka, periodicals, media projects, epistolary, Ukrainian journalism.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 11.02.2021

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The purpose of scientific research is to investigate the epistolary legacy of Lesya Ukrainka, to find out the set of journalistic excitements in the texts presented in the full academic 14-volume edition. It is
determined that most of the topics considered by Lesya Ukrainka in the letters encouraged the addressees to think, activate knowledge, beliefs, actions, as well as stimulate reflections on the national identity of
Ukrainians, the role of literature and language in the formation of the Ukrainian state. The many human feelings aroused by the journalist’s epistolary are outlined – emotions of tenderness, love, sincerity, anger,
sense of duty, respect, civic dignity, etc.

Key words: Lesya Ukrainka, epistolary, publicism excitation.

UDC 007 : 304 : 070 (477) (09)

Lesia Ukrainka’s epistolary as a manifestation of publicism excitation

Kovalova Tetiana, PhD (Social Communications), [email protected]¹,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6551-4139;
Sydorenko Liudmyla, teacher, [email protected]².
¹Sumy State University, 2, Rymsky-Korsakov St., Sumy, 40007, Ukraine.
²Municipal institution Sumy comprehensive school of I-III degrees №22 named after Igor Golchenko of Sumy city council, 57, Kovpaka St., Sumy, 40000, Ukraine.

Introduction. Historically, the prominent figures of the Ukrainian nation involved in the formation of Ukraine as a state were not only political leaders but also the creative intelligentsia. Larysa Kosach (Lesya Ukrainka) belonged to this cohort of national figures.

Relevance and purpose. Investigate the epistolary heritage of Lesya Ukrainka, find out the set of journalistic excitements in her epistolary; outline the subject of her letters, which most excited the addressee, and at the same time aroused the attention and interest of the addressee; to determine the set of human feelings that were violated by Lesya Ukrainka in her epistolary; describe the range of problems that could cause special sensory and emotional arousal of communicators. It is the epistolary heritage that allows us to explore both personal and intimate life, as well as creative and political impulses, national landmarks, and Lesya Ukrainka’s philosophical pursuits. This determines the relevance of our study.

Methodology. The following methods were used to achieve the goal: comparative-typological, content analysis, synthesis and generalization. Method of content analysis. The source base consisted of Lesya Ukrainka’s letters, presented in a complete academic collection of works in 14 volumes.

Results. Lesya Ukrainka presented her epistolary at the turn of the epochs, on the way to the creation of Ukraine as a state, in the process of creating the national Ukrainian culture. He testified to a new example of Ukrainian-European culture, the significance and importance of the Ukrainian word in the assertion of Ukrainian national identity. The journalist was frank and sincere in her epistolary texts, sometimes discussing, philosophizing on various socially important topics, and leading a clear and concise conversation. In the letters addressed to sister Olga, mother, M. Drahomanov, O. Kobylyanska, M. Pavlyk, we find extensive author’s comments on civic position, understanding of life lessons, sincere friendship, selfless help, attitude to homework, literary and journalistic creativity.

Conclusions. From the letters, Lesya Ukrainka appears to contemporaries as a European-oriented and original personality, a woman with a special sense of taste, a subtle, sometimes wounded, nature and a strong civil position. She quite aptly noticed the special features of the human personality. Therefore, her correspondence very clearly outlines the journalist’s own impulses to influence the opinion of the addressees, to arouse special interest in the problems or situations she named.

Key words: Lesya Ukrainka, epistolary, publicism excitation.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 05.02.2021

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The purpose of the proposed scientific research is to study the correspondence between Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka as an organic component of the national journalism of the turn of the century in the direction of discussing the ways of forming the Ukrainian political nation. To solve the tasks, the author of the article used the following methods: problem-thematic, analytical, systematic and comparative analysis. The article notes that certain political accents of the epistolary heritage of the famous Ukrainian family have not lost their relevance for today’s creators of journalistic discourse as an important source for clarifying the mood of the then conscious national intelligentsia, the state of development of the Ukrainian national idea. The author of the article claims that the epistolary legacy of Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka complements the journalistic discourse of the late 19th and early 20th centuries on the ways of forming the Ukrainian political nation, and will become a model of tolerant dialogue on current political issues.

Key words: epistolary journalism, Ukrainian issue, Ukrainian intelligentsia.

UDC 821.161.2.09-6Косач:Українка

Epistolary dialogue of Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka on the national issue

Semenko Svitlana, PhD, Prof. Poltava National Pedagogical University named after V.G. Korolenko, Ostrogradskoho St., 2, Poltava, 36000, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-8082

Introduction. The epistolary heritage of the Drahomanov-Kosach family is a whole spiritual continent, rich in factual material, which helps to express the mood of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, to look in a new way at the development of pro-European sympathies in its circles while preserving its own national identity. With their epistolary legacy, the Drahomanov-Kosachs laid a new journalistic discourse in the sphere of the socio-political and spiritual life of the nation.

Relevance and purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze the correspondence between Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka as an organic component of the national journalism of the turn of the century in the direction of discussing the ways of forming the Ukrainian political nation. The purpose of the article determines the solution of the following tasks: to find out the main thematic segments in the correspondence of Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka concerning the national question; to characterize the strategies of the Drahomanov-Kosach family to raise the cultural level of the Ukrainian people.

Methodology. To solve the tasks set by the author of scientific study, the following methods were used: problem-thematic to identify and study key political issues in the epistolary heritage of the Drahomanov-Kosach family; analytical, systematic and comparative analysis, which helped to clarify the specifics of the national theme in the correspondence of Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka.

Results. The correspondence between Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka, on the one hand, is a search for themselves and, on the other, a finding of new evolutionary ways of developing national political and cultural thought. Mykhailo Kosach and Lesya Ukrainka were aware of their mission to be at the forefront of those who continue and strengthen the development of the Ukrainian national idea, so in journalism, in original work, and in letters, they defended the type of strong-willed Ukrainian intellectual who is capable of self-sacrifice for national and social freedom of Ukraine.

Conclusions. Modern interpretation of the epistolary heritage of Mykhailo Kosach and Lesia Ukrainka will be of interest to modern Ukrainian journalists, historians, and political scientists for understanding important ideological problems in the field of formation and development of the Ukrainian national idea.

Key words: epistolary journalism, Ukrainian issue, Ukrainian intelligentsia.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 14.02.2021

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The aim of this article is to trace the motives and ways of cooperation of Lesia Ukrainka in the St. Petersburg literary and political magazine «Zhyzn / Life», based primarily on her correspondence of this
time (1899–1901). The source analysis of the epistolary heritage of Lesia Ukrainka is used, it is based on the chronological and typological characteristics of the life and creative biography of the writer and
publicist; systematization of facts and statements related to the functioning of the magazine «Zhyzn / Life», its employees, the creative plans of Lesya Ukrainka. The main motives for Lesia Ukrainka’s
cooperation with the St. Petersburg monthly were the democratic direction of the magazine, the authority of the authors and employees of the magazine, the opportunity to be a principled reviewer and propagandist of Ukrainian and European literature, and material incentives.

Key words: literary criticism, correspondence, «Zhyzn / Life» magazine, motives for cooperation, Lesia Ukrainka.

UDC 007 : 304 : 070 (477) (09) Lesia Ukrainka

«Not a very convenient correspondent»: Lesia Ukrainka in the magazine «Zhyzn/Life» (1900–1901)

Georgiievska Viktoriia, D. Sc. (Social Communications), e-mail: [email protected]¹,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5848-957X;
Dubetska Oksana, PhD (Social Communications), e-mail: [email protected]²,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8602-6417.
¹Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, 13 B, Marshala Tymoshenka Str, Kyiv, Ukraine;
²M. Dragomanov National Pedagogical University, Malyshko faculty of Ukrainian Philology and Literary Creativity, Turgenevska str., 8/14, Kyiv, Ukraine.

The aim of this article is to trace the motives and ways of cooperation of Lesia Ukrainka in the St. Petersburg literary and political magazine «Zhyzn / Life», based primarily on her correspondence of this time (1899–1901).

Methods. The source analysis of the epistolary heritage of Lesia Ukrainka is used, it is based on the chronological and typological characteristics of the life and creative biography of the writer and publicist; systematization of facts and statements related to the functioning of the magazine «Zhyzn / Life», its employees, the creative plans of Lesia Ukrainka. Methods of comparison, induction and deduction, generalization are also included.

Results and conclusions.During the year and a half, 1900–1901, Lesia Ukrainka published 4 literary-critical works in «Zhyzn / Life» magazine; among them are such articles as: «Two Directions in Modern Italian Literature» (1900. N 7), «Malorussian Writers in Bukovyna» (1900. N 9), «New Perspectives and Old Shadows» (1900. No 12), «Notes on the Latest Polish Literature» (1901. No 1); two more articles were sent to the St. Petersburg magazine, but did not get to its pages: «Modern Public Drama» was returned to the author as an imprint with numerous censorship interventions, a review of Hauptmann’s work was lost due to the closing of the monthly and found only 75 years later.The main motives for Lesia Ukrainka’s cooperation with the St. Petersburg monthly were the democratic direction of the magazine, the authority of the authors and employees of the magazine, the opportunity to be a principled reviewer and propagandist of Ukrainian and European literature, and material incentives (after all, the fee in the capital’s edition was higher, which provided the poetess with certain funds for an independent life, it was a short-term way out of a difficult situation).

Key words: literary criticism, correspondence, «Zhyzn / Life» magazine, motives for cooperation, Lesia Ukrainka.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 14.02.2021

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The urgency of the topic of the scientific article is determined by the processes of finding new concepts and applying new approaches to the study of the gender concept of the modern periodicals for women and men in Ukraine. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. The purpose of the article is due to the processes of finding new concepts and the application of new approaches to the study of gender concepts in modern Ukrainian media. The study of the topic is relevant because it allows to identify new trends and features of modern gender images. The macroconcept «woman» can be conventionally divided into the main, that is, the most frequently used microconcepts in the magazines studied, such as: loved one, mistress, mother, girlfriend, mother-in-law, rival. As it turned out, in the studied editions, the macro concept of «man» is reflected in the most frequently used microconcepts: beloved, father, stranger, boss, son, friend. At the core of the gender conceptual sphere there is basic gender macro concepts «woman» and «man» that is used in the investigated periodical in different proportions, depending on the role of women and men in society. Especially because of the sensitivity, thoughtfulness, responsible selection of gender characteristics, which is presented in a gender-labeled periodical, modern and future is formed gender images.

Key words: gender, concept, conceptual sphere, content analysis, paradigm.

UDC 007:304:070

Gender concepts in modern Ukrainian media

Chornodon Myroslava, Ph.D. (Social Communications), Senior Lecturer,
Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, 21 600-richchia str., Vinnytsia, 21021, Ukraine, e-mail:
[email protected].

Introduction. The urgency (Topicality of the research) of the topic of the scientific article is determined by the processes of finding new concepts and applying new approaches to the study of the gender concept of the modern periodicals for women and men in Ukraine. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive

The purpose of the article of the research is to study the gender concept in the con-temporary periodicals (for example, such magazines as women: «Schaslyva», regional – «Woman», «Women’s magazine», «Natalie», «Cosmopolitan», magazines for men: re-gional ones – «Major», «His own», all-Ukrainian – «Men’s Health», «EGO», «Esquire») in the psycholinguistic paradigm of research using linguistic, psychological, psycholin-guistic and socio-psychological methods of science.

Methods of research. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sci-ences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychologi-cal. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differen-tial, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual.

Results and discussion. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the compre-hension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society.

Key words: gender, concept, conceptual sphere, content analysis, paradigm.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 11.02.2021

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The article aims at examining the existing definitions of institutions of both social phenomena in philosophical science. The analysis of the institute comparison and interpenetration as a philosophical concept is suggested. The notion of a journalistic field is analyzed in view of content structuredness in connection with aspects of the notions of institutionalization of power and law. Peculiarities of several specialized subfields of journalism are analyzed in the context of mass-media production of different information and forms of competition, and cooperation between universal and specialized journalists. Different subtypes of journalism and respective social areas, the degree of interaction between professional and commercial dimensions of the journalistic field are analyzed.

Key words: power, journalist, institutionalization, category, content, mass-media, law, professionalism, social effect, specialization, universality.

UDC 007:304:070

Specialized fields of journalism in the context of political and philosophical concepts

Mitchuk Olha, D.Sc. (Social Communications), Professor of the Department, Academician Stepan Demianchuk International University of Economics and Humanities, 4, Stepana Demianchuka St., Rivne, 33027, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-7320

Introduction.Transformations of journalism in the post-communist countries including Ukraine led to the transformation of the general picture of journalism as a sector of social activity. Journalistic practice and the person of a journalist are a large part of the market for journalistic work in its diversity; however, the fact remains that this market has some limits.

Relevance of the study. The problem of considering public consciousness as a basis for the conflict between power and law in the context of the institutionalization of law cannot be ignored, since the multifaceted nature and complexity of the formation and functioning of the public consciousness alone make it possible to isolate the structure of legal entities that aim at shaping the entire Ukrainian system.

Methodology. The basis of scientific research is the analysis of theoretical research. The methodological basis of the article is a combination of general scientific methods and special techniques and approaches to the study of patterns and features of information processes and phenomena. The processing of the source base was based on the use of analytical, synthetic and logical methods, which helped to formulate a system of initial theoretical concepts, prin-ciples of selection, analysis and generalization of research material. theoretical concepts, principles of selection, analysis, and generalization of research material.

Results. Generally, the journalistic field allows to analyze transformations clarified by mass media and individual journalists that take place in the social space and the public as an occasion for journalistic production it is related especially to specialized journalism. For example, the problems of politics, economics, health care or financial affairs in the mass media are the basis for a clash of different points of view, a discussion of both the internal journalistic direction and the general discourse. The journalistic field only overlaps these discussions with its logic.Conclusions. Comparative analysis of the components of the specialized subspaces of the journalistic field is more important today than what we call light journalism, the so-called «the yellow media».

Key words: power, journalist, institutionalization, category, content, mass-media, law, professionalism, social effect, specialization, universality.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 21.02.2021

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The paper is devoted to the problems of the investigating media text influence on the semantic, ethical, aesthetical, and spiritual benchmarks of the recipients. The investigator’s effective tools of form and text creation are presented. Emphasis is placed on meaningful techniques focused on meeting the needs and demands of different social groups, dissemination of investigative information, its rhythm and scale, and are determined by the nature of development and functioning of various social systems. It has been proved that the content of investigative materials is formed, taking into account the features and patterns of psychological influence in the range from the usual informing to edification, persuasion, and suggestion.

Key words: journalistic investigation, media psychology, public response, content chain.

UDC 070 : 82-92+316.613.4+32.19.15

Social and psychological mechanisms of investigative media text influence on development of recipient’s aesthetic preferences

Stiekolshchykova Valentyna, PhD (Social Communications), Pylyp Orlyk International Classical University, 2, Kotelna str., 54003, Mykolayiv, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org0000-0002-2076-917X

Introduction. The current stage of the development of society is characterized by increas-ing the influence of investigative communication, which shapes the global culture and global information space. Media culture has become an integral part of the professional and person-al life of every member of society. The growing importance of investigative journalism leads to drastic changes in the minds of the audience, as well as in ways of obtaining information and public response.

The goal of the research is to study the strategies and tactics of the investigative media text and to diagnose its current position in grounding the new role it plays today in the com-municative process.Therefore, the relevance of the work is motivated by the fact that in modern science there is a need for a systematic study of investigative media text form and text creation basics as a component of journalistic success in the context of trends of ethical, aesthetic, and spiritual values of the audience development. This will make it possible to find the linguistic and sty-listic basis forming the basis of the communicative strategy and tactics of the investigative journalist, as an integral part in the formation of universal values of the individual.

Methodology. A combined system of methods, including historical and literary method with elements of semiotic and culturological analysis, comparative and historical, sociologi-cal, psychological, descriptive, logical methods, as well as the conceptual author’s approach form the theoretical and methodological basis of the study.

Results. We took a new look at the nature of the interaction and mutual influence of a journalist’s investigative activity and a potential audience to characterize the development of social journalism and the whole sphere of social communication in general, and analyzed the form and text creation factors that best shape the success of the investigator as a person-ality.

Conclusions. Investigative media text, which is constantly and regularly improved by de-veloping the professional skills of a journalist, and new conditions and factors influencing the formation and development of value orientation of the recipient’s personality are rather poorly studied issues. In the paper, an attempt is made to study the topical problem from a fundamentally new point of view – the investigative product is studied from a position of the published text in direct connection with the audience and its values, appeared under the actual investigative text influence.

Key words: journalistic investigation, media psychology, public response, content chain.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 14.02.2021

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The author of the article analyzes the issues and poetics of the documentary and journalistic publication by M. Slaboshpytsky «The Great War. 2014… Ukraine: challenges, events, materials». The influence of the military factor on human consciousness is being clarified. Peculiarities of the author’s concept of human and military dialectics are revealed in the aspect of anthropological reception. In this perspective, the relationship between the antinomies «man – power», «man – society», «man – state», «man – nation» is analyzed. It is proved that the first year of the war was reflected in different levels of traumatic experience. Thus, the creative meaning of the author’s idea manifested itself in the design of the journalistic text as a sharp contrast between the desperate heroism of Ukrainian soldiers on the one hand and the incompetence of the command on the other.

Key words: M. Slaboshpytsky, journalism, anthropology, situation of choice, patriotism, reporting, interview, essay, identity, war.

UDC 821.161.2 – 92.09

M. Slaboshpytsky «The Great War»: anthropological paradigm as a basis for journalistic reflection

Nasminchuk Iryna, PhD (Philology), Associate Professor,
Kamianets-Podilskyi Ivan Ohiienko National University, 61, Ohiienko Str., Kamianets-Podilskyi, 32301,
Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3623-387X

Introduction. The object of research is the book of journalism by M. Slaboshpytsky «The Great War. 2014… Ukraine: Challenges, Events, Materials», analyzed in the aspect of an-thropological reception. An important prerequisite for the actualization of anthropological issues in modern conditions is Russia’s aggression against Ukraine.

The purpose of the article is to find out the ideological and aesthetic features of the docu-mentary and journalistic edition by M. Slaboshpytsky «Great War», to analyze in anthropo-logical terms the problem of the confrontation between man and war.

The methodology. The research is based on the achievements of literary anthropology. The article uses and interprets considerations from the works of Ukrainian and foreign schol-ars on anthropological approaches as a dominant humanities research. Cultural-historical, aesthetic methods, hermeneutic approach are used.

Results. All articles, interviews, reports of the analyzed publication, despite the diversity of content, form a complex structural whole. They are united by the pervasive idea of protect-ing the integrity of Ukraine in a time of global challenges, when the image of the world and the image of man himself is being destroyed. Arranged in a certain chronological order, the space-time model of the book «The Great War» is based on the synthesis of real and psycho-logical chronotopes. The publicist bases his reflections on the anthropological paradigm, re-vealing the character and behavior of our contemporaries, the impulses of his heroic deeds in extreme conditions. At the same time, the irrefutable facts convincingly reveal the cynicism and hypocrisy of the so-called elite, with the tacit consent of which Ukraine, its sovereignty and independence once again found themselves in a state of threat.

Conclusions. The productivity of further research on the selected problem is determined by the influence of M. Slaboshpytsky-publicist on his contemporaries. It seems promising to analyze his work in comparison with those journalistic texts, where not only recorded but also reflected seen and experienced. The developed material can become a component of com-plex research of military journalism.

Key words: M. Slaboshpytsky, journalism, anthropology, situation of choice, patriotism, reporting, interview, essay, identity, war.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 05.02.2021

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The article considers the video stream as a component of the visual content of Ukrainian radio stations. It is determined the specifics of the used video streams and development tendencies. It was studied out
that in general, Ukrainian radio stations are focused on the global trend, which is to strengthen the visual component, so they try to use a new form of communication. Although this process is not very active. Realtime video broadcasts have heterogeneous forms; they are represented by different typological groups. It depends largely on the size, financial capacity and the needs of radio stations. The most complex technological process is observed on non-commercial radio stations.

Key words: stream, radio, visualization, video radio, video broadcast, streaming video, online broadcast.

UDC: 007 : 316.772.5 : 654.1 : 621.396.7-022.56

Videostream in the system of visual communication of radio stations

Havryliuk Inna, PhD (Social Communications), е-mail: [email protected]¹,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-3540;
Aleksakhina Tetiana, PhD (Philology Science), е-mail: [email protected]¹,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-330X.
¹Sumy State University, 2, Rymsky¬-Korsakov St., Sumy, 40007, Ukraine.

Introduction. One of the main trends in the development of modern media space is the strengthening of the visual component. Visualization, which has become a trend in the entire media sphere, has not escaped the radio. This is particularly true of the new broadcasting for-mat as videostream. This technological way of presenting information allowed to look behind the scenes of the radio, to make it more modern, attractive to the recipient. The latest tech-nological processes, including radio streaming, need to be understood. This is the relevance of our study.

The aim is to study the development trends, varieties and features of stream broadcasts on Ukrainian radio stations.

Methodology. It is based on a systematic approach, which allowed identifying trends re-lated to the peculiarities of the development of video streaming broadcasts by Ukrainian radio stations. At different stages of the research it is used such methods as analysis of scien-tific literature, typological analysis, methods of observation, systematization of data.

Results. The analysis of video streaming technologies used by Ukrainian radio stations allowed us to outline certain trends in this area. Today videostreams program content have not yet received a substantial distribution to radio stations. Using different types of vid-eostreams, the choice of technology depends on the formats of radio stations, as well as the needs of the media and their financial capabilities.One of the most notable trends is that broadcast non-commercial radio stations use mostly selective broadcasts, while commercial music information stations use non-stop broadcasts. Radio stations place video streaming broadcasts of programs both on their own sites and on third-party network resources. And here, too, trace an interesting trend: their own sites for this purpose usually use commercial radio music and entertainment oriented, social networking – non-profit information and analysis station. Among social networks, YouTube video hosting is the most popular for video streaming, and Facebook is the least popular. Videostreams of software content also differ in technical characteristics. Mostly radio stations use the simplest version of broadcasts, which is to use a single webcam. Recently, however, there are more and more radio stations that pay attention to the video dynamism, so they use two or three cameras to streamvideo. The most complex technological process is observed on non-commercial radio stations. The broadcasts of their radio programs increasingly resemble television programs in terms of technological characteristics.

Conclusions. The disturbed problem is the first step in the studying of the visual con-tent of Ukrainian radio stations, using of convergent technologies by them. Promising study finds out the audience needs of videostream radio broadcasts.

Key words: stream, radio, visualization, video radio, video broadcast, streaming video, online broadcast.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 12.02.2021

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The purpose of the study is to identify relevant effective strategies for interaction with the recommendation algorithm on the YouTube platform in the process of creating and distributing video content. The topic of the study is relevant because YouTube is an active global platform for the distribution of video content. YouTube is the most visited video viewing platform in Ukraine and one of the most visited websites in the world. Understanding the work of recommendation algorithms will allow you to adapt video content so that it reaches the widest possible target audience. The result of the study was the selection of the most effective parameters of videos on YouTube based on the analysis of statistical indicators on the PETR1K channel: relevance and novelty, attractiveness (clickability) of thumbnail images, frequency of uploads to the channel, viewers ‘reaction to previous videos, viewers’ returns, audience retention and more.

Key words: Youtube, recommendation algorithm, esports, internet media, video content.

UDC: 007 : 304 : 070

Videostream in the system of visual communication of radio stations

Petryk Oleksandr, PhD student,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Yu. Illenka St., Kyiv, 04119, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3387-8410

Introduction. The purpose of the study is to identify relevant effective strategies for interaction with the recommendation algorithm on the YouTube platform in the process of creating and distributing video content. Since YouTube is one of the most popular Internet services and without a doubt number one video hosting in the world. YouTube recommen-dation system is very important part of content distributing, that’s why its important to research this topic.

Relevance of the study. The topic of the study is relevant because YouTube is an active global platform for the distribution of video content. YouTube is the most visited video viewing platform in Ukraine and one of the most visited websites in the world. Understanding the work of recommendation algorithms will allow you to adapt video content so that it reaches the widest possible target audience.

Methodology. Methods of interpretation and structural analysis were used during the process of researching this topic.

Results. YouTube Analytics opens eyes to key performance indicators of videos: relevance and novelty, attractiveness (clickability) of thumbnail images, frequency of channel down-loads, viewers ‘reaction to previous videos, viewers’ returns, audience retention, etc. Proper and systematic work with the audience, improving the quality of content by analyzing the rankings of previous publications will help retain the existing audience and effectively find a new one.

Conclusions. This study can serve as a basis for further research into YouTube’s recom-mendation algorithms. The article presents an interpretation of only the main parameters of the video that affect the recommendation rating, but future research can either explore more deeply the already covered parameters, or pay attention to others.

Key words: Youtube, recommendation algorithm, esports, internet media, video content.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 16.02.2021

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The study of the visual content of the media as a tool of propaganda and information and semantic warfare is an urgent problem today. The purpose of this work is to analyze and systematize the features of the visual image of a «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist» in the cartoons of Soviet Ukrainian satirical magazine «Perets’» («The Pepper») in 1941–1991, to consider the changes of this image over time. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the comprehensive consideration of this insufficiently researched topic using a quantitative approach. The studied image was generally based on the «Petliurist» visual image. Association both with the USA and Nazism was widespread. In the 1970s, this image was systematically combined with the motif of «hostile radio voices», more often undergoing dehumanization in the form of a dog. The dynamics of the popularity of the topic correlated with ideologically important anniversaries. In the 1980s, the number of publications on the subject decreased, and after 1987 they disappeared.

Key words: «Perets’» magazine, cartoon, enemy image, USSR, «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist».

UDC [070:487+741.5]:94(477) «1941/1991»

Constructing the visual image of a «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist» in the cartoons of the «Perets’» magazine (1941–1991)

Rodyhin Kostiantyn, PhD (Philosophy), Senior Lecturer, Vasyl’ Stus Donetsk National University, 21 600-richchia str., Vinnytsia, 21021, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2948-5393

Introduction. The article deals with the features of constructing the visual image of a «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist» (hereinafter UBN) in cartoons of Soviet Ukrainian satiric press, on an example of «Perets’» («The Pepper») magazine in 1941–1991.The article aims to analyze and systematize the visual manifestations and features of the image of the UBN in the «Perets’» magazine cartoons in 1941–1991, to consider the changes of this image over time.

Methodology. The methods of research include observation, content analysis, generaliza-tion, comparison, quantification, data visualization. The observed visual markers of the image in every case were noted and put in the electronic table (presence – «1», absence – «0»). Further processing of the data set allowed to establish the total count and percentage of occurrences of a visual marker, to determine the distribution of certain features by years, decades, and issues of the annual publishing cycle, to investigate their dynamics and trends changes.

Results. The UBN image in the «Perets’» cartoons in 1941–1991 was generally based on an old established image of the «Petliurist» and usually reproduced its traditional visual markers – a fur hat with a long hood (shlyk) (presented in 77 % of cartoons), the Trident em-blem (74 %), and blue-yellow colors (49 %). Another distinctive visual marker – a «mazepyn-ka» cap, an attribute of a generalized «Banderite» image – was presented much less (7 %) and acquired a characteristic value relatively late. A noticeable but not unique visual marker of the UBN image were items of Ukrainian ethnic clothing. To distinguish between the posi-tive (Ukrainian folk heritage) and negative («nationalist») meanings of this visual detail, the cartoons featured a motif of an embroidered shirt with an ornament of «nationalist» tridents or Nazi swastikas. Items of Ukrainian ethnic clothing could be grotesquely combined with elements of Western costume. Among the characteristic attributes of the image, one should notice the US dollar (22 % of images), and a tough weapon: a knife or an ax (20 %). The swas-tika (27 %) associates the character with Nazism. However, in the same way, the UBN was portrayed as a beggar and looked more miserable and powerless than formidable.A characteristic feature of the evolution of the image of the UBN in «Perets’» carica-tures was a remarkable spread of the new role of this character in the 1970s, a «slanderer» propagating «anti-Soviet ideas» through «enemy radio voices» such as Radio Liberty. The associated trends were the spread of dehumanization of the character in the form of a dog or dog-like creature, as well as the emergence of a new attribute, a bucket of mud. Another ideological plot – the opposition between prosperous Soviet Ukraine or the USSR, and images of its defeated or unfinished «nationalist» enemies – had flourished in the 1960s, and then gradually declined.The maximum frequency of use of the UBN image in the «Perets’» accounted for in 1957, 1967, and 1982. In general, the most regular and systematic treatment of this topic took place in the 1970s. Often, cartoon images of UBN had appeared on ideologically important anniversaries. In the 1980s, the appearance of cartoon images of UBN became less frequent, and after 1987 they disappeared completely.

Conclusions. The significance of the article lies in the comprehensive consideration of an insufficiently researched topic using a quantitative approach. This paper can be the basis for further research and analysis of rare early issues of «Perets’» in the 1940s; the UBN image in cartoons in the context of another iconic «images of enemies»; finally, the features of rep-resentation of specific personalities in this genre.

Key words: «Perets’» magazine, cartoon, enemy image, USSR, «Ukrainian bourgeois nationalist».

Стаття надійшла до редакції 14.02.2021

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The article reviews the news content of all-Ukrainian television media. It was found out that the news information on Ukrainian television is represented by the following thematic segments: socio-political / military, criminal, social, cultural and artistic, emergency materials. In consideration of the significant number of materials with the negative contextual connotation (socio-political, social, criminal) television media potentially form both negative internal and external images of the country as a whole and the local image of its regions. The general trends in the formation of the media image of a particular region are determined on the example of the coverage of Sumy events by rating TV channels. It was established that information about the region is presented in the vast majority of materials of criminal subjects and negative news from the socio-political and social spheres, which results in the formation of an image of the territory with a «minus» sign.

Key words: media image, image of the region, news content, TV news program, public broadcasting.

UDC: 656.254.1:316.774:070(477.52)

Regional segment in the news content of the central television of Ukraine

Tkachenko Olena, D.Sc. (Philology), Professor, е-mail: [email protected]¹,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-6390;
Sydorenko Olga, PhD (Pedagogical Sciences), Associate Professor, е-mail: [email protected]¹,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-2867;
Dudchenko Liudmyla, PhD (Social Communications), e-mail: [email protected]¹,
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-9529.
¹Sumy State University, 2, Rymskoho-Korsakova St., Sumy, 40007, Ukraine.

Introduction. The social role of television is to provide relevant, complete, objective news and information that is of public interest and sufficient for making important decisions for people and society. Television is one of the effective tools in shaping the image of the state in general and its individual regions in particular. The local image in the public consciousness is formed on the basis of information from mass media, depends on the frequency of publications about the region and on the subject of these publications.

The purpose of this article is to determine the role of news content in shaping the local image of Sumy region by all-Ukrainian TV channels.The methodology. The main methods in working with empirical material were content analysis and content monitoring. The method of content analysis allowed to most adequately reflect the subject of the study, which made it possible to identify news content devoted to events in Sumy region.

The method of content monitoring showed the frequency and certain regularity of submission of news about Sumy region.

Results. News information on Ukrainian television is represented by the following thematic segments: socio-political / military, criminal, social, cultural and artistic, emergency materials. In consideration of the significant number of materials with negative contextual connotation (socio-political, social, criminal) television media potentially form both negative internal and external images of the country as a whole and the local image of its regions.

Conclusions. In covering regional events the editors of news programs of Ukrainian television media, being of primary importance, define topics that a priori contain a negative information message, ignore events with a positive contextual connotation. Sumy region in the prism of central TV channels appears as a gray criminal region with constantly dissatisfied population due to inaction of local authorities. The origins of this problem are contained in three planes: journalists are interested in the dark side of life, which will «make» the rating of the program; the low level of Sumy region promotion; regional journalists did not cover the events of the region with a «+» sign qualitatively enough, and therefore journalists and editors of the national level simply do not see and take them into account when building an agenda. As a result of the dominance of news materials of negative content, a local image of the territory with a «minus» sign is formed.

Key words: media image, image of the region, news content, TV news program, public broadcasting.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 10.02.2021

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The article outlines the development of local open data portals in Ukraine and their importance of the open public information space`s formation. It is substantiated that local open data portals are designed
to play one of the pivotal roles in providing the media and citizens with up-to-date information on the activities of local authorities. The functional characteristics of open data portals of nine Ukrainian cities are outlined: Lviv, Dnipro, Vinnytsia, Kramatorsk, Mariupol, Dubno, Kolomyia, Bakhmut, Slavuta. It is determined that the process of development and improvement of city open data portals is underway
in Ukraine, in particular, recommendations for the unified culture of data disclosure have been made, however, in practice it has not been implemented yet. One of the positive changes is the increase in the
number of datasets in machine-readable formats XLS/XLSX and CSV, while much less sets in nonmachine-readable formats DOC and PDF are published.

Key words: Data, Open data, Open data portals, Local open data portals, Data journalism.

UDC 007:316.773.2+004.6:004.92(045)

Municipal open data portals as a source of information for the media

Lichenko Anna, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, the Institute of Journalism, 36/1, Yu. Illenko St., Kyiv, 04119, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3327-2323

Introduction. Open data is one of the necessary prerequisites for the successful development of the state. The use of data at the local level helps improve decision-making processes, reduce corruption, strengthen control over budget funds, etc. Therefore, it is essential to research the development of municipal open data portals in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to examine local (municipal) open data web portals as a source of information for the media.

Methodology. We used methods of theoretical and empirical research to achieve the goal and objectives of the study. The method of analysis and comparative analysis is used to study the functional features of municipal open data portals. Content analysis is used to identify thematic spectra of data sets. Four criteria were developed to describe municipal open data portals: quantities of published data, thematic data groups, data accessibility and user engagement. Open data portals of nine Ukrainian cities has been selected for a proposed study: Lviv, Dnipro, Vinnytsia, Kramatorsk, Mariupol, Dubno, Kolomyia, Bakhmut, Slavuta.

Results and conclusions. It is determined that the process of development and improvement of city open data portals is underway in Ukraine. In particular, recommendations for the unified culture of data disclosure have been made. One of the positive changes is the increase in the number of datasets in machine-readable formats, while much less sets in non-machine-readable formats DOC and PDF are published (7.4% of the total). Municipal open data portals perform well in terms of data accessibility. However, data analysis and visualization tools are not available on the portals. This can reduce the level of user engagement. Local open data of cities can improve the quality of regional media content, as journalists get new opportunities for investigations, creation of data-stories and multimedia projects, etc.

Key words: Data, Open data, Open data portals, Local open data portals, Data journalism.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 26.02.2021

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The article examines the local dimension of alternative social media for the period of 2020. The object of the study is alternative communication channels in Mariupol. The study aims to determine the
characteristics of alternative media and their types. The problem of monopolization and/or reduction of traditional media at the local level leads to the emergence and popularity of alternative platforms
on social media. The study systematizes the characteristics, topics of alternative content and common alternative channels of communication. Anonymity, personalization of publications, uniqueness, locality, interactivity, multimedia, spontaneous distribution, segmentation of the audience are important features of alternative media.

Key words: alternative media, social media, local media, post-truth, social networks

UDC 007:070:316.77](477.62-2)

Alternative social media: the local dimension

Melnykova-Kurhanova Olena, PhD (Social Communications), Assoc. prof.

Mariupol State University, 129a Budivelnykiv Ave., Mariupol, Donetsk Region, Ukraine, 87500, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID ID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1364-0264

Introduction. Interaction, the interpenetration of traditional and social media, their transformation, formal and semantic changes occur continuously. Print media, radio and television have their own websites and platforms on social networks. On the one hand, the alternative channel of communication are social media. On the other hand, in the era of post-truth 2.0 and the wide choice of information channels, it is difficult to identify alternative media. However, we will focus on alternative content and alternative communication channels. The emergence of alternative media can be observed at the local level because the audience has a clearer characteristic.

The relevance of the study. In the local information space, there are processes of monopolization of the media or closure of long-standing traditional print media, radio stations or TV channels. The digitalization of the media has led to the popularization of social media, in particular those that are not subject to media oligarchs. The relevance of the study lies in identifying the features of alternative media at the local level because the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of alternative channels and the specifics of content are insufficiently studied by scientists and evaluated by traditional media and official authorities. Therefore, the subject of the study is alternative social media, which present a different position and content compared to social media, which are created based on mass media, corporate media or pro-government structures. It is the local dimension that helps to identify popular alternative channels of communication.

Research methods. The study of scientific literature on the research topic was carried out using the bibliographic method; the descriptive method was used to identify the precondi-tions for the emergence and functioning of alternative media in the Mariupol information space; thanks to a systematic approach and method of classification, the features and types of social media channels were identified. Among the empirical methods, we can single out ob-servations and monitoring, which helped to gather practical material for 2020. The content analysis helped to identify issues, features of messaging and the functioning of alternative communication channels.

Results. Alternative communications have always been an important foundation for social movements in the past. Today, in public space, there operate public radio and television web-sites, their social media pages, as well as individual social networks such as the Clubhouse, which provide a platform for expressing their opinions or receiving alternative content by users. On the example of Mariupol’s alternative mass media, we can single out communica-tion channels as an online magazine website, portals of public organizations, groups and per-sonal pages of bloggers on such social networks as Facebook, Instagram, Viber messengers, Telegram, and Youtube. The content reflects social, human rights, cultural, entertainment and topics of interest. Prank, sketch, review, comment, experiment and poll become the pop-ular forms of information.

Conclusions. Alternative media are the promising areas of research, as they form and pro-mote atypical countermeasures that attract the attention of the audience. In addition, you can observe the activities of professional PR-structures that create social media and ‘mimic’ alternative content using alternative communication channels.

Key words: alternative media, social media, local media, post-truth, social networks

Стаття надійшла до редакції 13.02.2021

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A holistic historical and informational analysis was conducted in the scientific context of the synergy of two systems – sound recording and radio broadcasting. Methodological support of the study was based
on the use of general scientific and special methods. Taking into account the experience of «BBC Radio 1» in creating a unique collection of sound recordings and areas of use of music collections as objects
of archival storage, the features of recording music sessions in recording studios of radio stations are revealed. The main methods of restoration, restoration and digitization of stock music phonograms of
radio broadcasting subjects are revealed. Find out which software products perform digitization tasks. The author concludes that the basis for the protection and storage of music collections of radio archives
is the organization of a system of backup and duplication of data.

Key words: Digitization, Radio Company, Restoration, Sound Recording Studio, Repositories.

UDC 021.61 (100):78:002.1-028.17

Sound recordings from radio archives: the restoration of music in digits

Mazur Olexander, PhD student, National Academy of Management of Culture and Arts, street Lavrska, 9, building 15, Kyiv city, 01015, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0763-3436

Introduction. Since the focus is currently on the problems of translating (rewriting) music recordings to new media and digitization, the article examines the problems of restoration of music phonograms stored in the archives of radio companies. It is emphasized that sound recordings of radio programs are an integral part of the national archival fund and the library and information fund of documents at the same time. Attention was focused on the coverage of information-archival and technological aspects related to the peculiarities of the restoration of retrospective (repository) music content in the context of digital transformation of society. A holistic historical and informational analysis was conducted in the scientific context of the synergy of two systems – sound recording and radio broadcasting.

Methodological support of the study was based on the use of general scientific and special methods. Taking into account the experience of «BBC Radio 1» to create a unique collection of recordings and areas of use of music collections as objects of archival storage, revealed features of recording music sessions in recording studios of radio stations – recording instrumental accompaniment, recording vocals from the microphone (with cyclic dubbing), phonogram processing and compilation, the final stage of phonogram processing, mastering as a closed link in the chain of control and evaluation of the quality of recorded music. The principles of restoration works with music recordings on a magnetic tape stored in radio collections are clarified. Conservation and prevention measures with sound documents on disk media are determined separately.

Formulation of the purpose of the article. The subject of the publication is the features of technological methods of restoration, restoration and digitization of stock music phonograms of radio companies. Hence, the purpose of the publication is to solve the scientific problem of analyzing the existing knowledge and practical skills in digitizing analog sound recordings, as well as to finalize scientific provisions for the preservation of digital collections of music collections of radio companies.

The main methods of restoration, restoration and digitization of stock music phonograms of radio broadcasting subjects are revealed. Find out which software products perform digitization tasks. It is noted that digital media and drives are prone to aging and have a limited shelf life. The conclusions emphasize the transformation of the specifics of the organization of storage of music recordings.

The author concludes that the basis for the protection and storage of music collections of radio archives is the organization of a system of backup and duplication of data. Since radio broadcasting is a unique segment of audio culture (where the musical component occupies one of the leading positions), there are features of the formation of stock music recordings on the radio with the specifics of storage. The basis of protection against failures of storage devices is the organization of a system of backup and duplication of data. Music radio funds are intensively replenished with a digital component and can be divided into «studio» and «live».

A number of specialized software products have been developed for digitization of analog audio data, with the help of which digitization tasks can be performed. In recent years, the supply of such programs has grown significantly.

Digital technologies have led to a change in the culture of music consumption (there has been a change in the ideology of authorship for music products) and the emergence of digital recording technologies using artificial intelligence, digital workstations, etc. In this regard, the specifics of the organization of storage of music archival sound recordings were transformed, in particular in the sound stores of radio companies, which acquired specific properties of the service grade (reprint of archival music that was specially recorded for radio, etc.).

Results of the research. A large number of radio stations have archives, which store not only the «master tapes» of successful recordings of past years, but also musical materials that have never been published. Reprinting such records and searching for unpublished materials is an interesting research area for many collectors. Some of the archival music of most of the world’s powerful radio stations is already available online and available for download in digital form. BBC Radio 1 now has far fewer centralized pre-recording sessions than it did in the 1960s and 1970s. On the weekends, the emphasis on dance pop music became apparent. In recent years, the corporation’s management has realized the value of its phonogram archive, in the collection of which you can find recordings of radio broadcasts since 1898, and selectively authorized the commercial production of music radio sessions.

Key words: Digitization, Radio Company, Restoration, Sound Recording Studio, Repositories.

Стаття надійшла до редакції 06.02.2021

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