УкраїнськаIssue 1 (41) ’ 2023
| Title: | Experience of Media Anthropology in the Research of Media Influence |
| Author:
DOI: |
Tkhorzhevska Tetiana
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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Experience of Media Anthropology in the Research of Media Influence
The article is devoted to the review of scientific works in the field of media anthropology, mostly published on the pages of regular electronic seminars from this direction of research, which combines the anthropological method and problems investigated in the field of social communications. In particular, we are talking about achieving media influence on certain segments of the audience using the methods of included observation and interviewing. Attention is paid to modern approaches to media anthropology as a scientific direction, examples of scientific problems in the field of media research studied using the methods of cultural anthropology are considered.Key words: media anthropology, cultural anthropology, media influence, audience.
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UDC: 070:572.028
Tkhorzhevska Tetiana, PhD (History), Associate Professor,
Odesa National I. I. Mechnikov, 2 Dvoryanska St., Odesa, 65082, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].
ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4696-4636Introduction. The importance of studying the influence of media on the audience is undeniable. Media anthropology suggests using the methods of cultural anthropology for such studies. It seemed appropriate to me to pay attention to the potential possibilities of such methods.Relevance of the study. It is not possible to say that the discussion about the methods, approaches and functions of media anthropology, which involves both anthropologists and specialists in media science, is complete. In particular, these questions are raised during regular seminars on media anthropology. The idea of the article is an analytical review of some scientific works published in foreign scientific publications devoted to media anthropology as a scientific direction and, in particular, methods of media anthropology aimed at studying the interaction of people with the media.Methodology. Methods of analysis and generalization, descriptive and comparative methods were used.Results. Among the modern approaches to media anthropology as a scientific direction, the following can be distinguished: 1) the study of media consumption in certain local communities; 2) study of media production; 3) interpretations of media systems using categories borrowed from cultural anthropology, such as myth, ritual, sacredness, magic. 4) understanding media messages as a powerful discourse and studying ways of public resistance to this discourse. Compliance with the standards of field anthropological research remains a debatable point. The problems addressed by media anthropologists are mainly related to the study of the influence of media on various segments of the audience, in particular the effects of mediatization, state formation, the formation of nations in the Internet space, the practice of using social media, etc.Conclusions. The method of included observation and in-depth interviews has serious prospects for audience research, although it needs significant work in this direction. The application of the methods of cultural anthropology makes it possible to study the means of perception of media messages, inclusion of media in the context of everyday life, human interpretation of media messages.Keywords: media anthropology, cultural anthropology, media influence, audience.Key words: media anthropology, cultural anthropology, media influence, audience.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 23.02.2023
| Title: | Television of Luhansk Region Between the Information and Full-Scale War: Destroyed Revival |
| Author:
DOI: |
Solomin Yevhen
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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The article analyzes mass communication activities of the television organizations of the Luhansk Region at various stages of its development and confirms deep integration of the media into the local political system, which had in its majority anti-Ukrainian views. It was determined that during the period of controversial events this contributed to the formation and dissemination of anti-Ukrainian narratives by means of television, and active use of the media resource to carry out informational attacks towards Ukraine. First destroyed in 2014 due to russia’s occupation of part of the territory and revived in 2015 on the territories controlled by Ukraine, TV, developing in the system of the national information space, faced problems of systemic nature, some of which constituted a threat to the national security of Ukraine. A full-scale invasion once again destroyed the regional TV and led to the occupation of new territories and the annexation of the sovereign information field.
Key words: information war, regional television, national space, national security, telecasting.
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UDC УДК 070+654.197(477.61):355.01»20»+351.862.4
Television of Luhansk Region Between the Information and Full-Scale War: Destroyed Revival
Solomin Yevhen, PhD (Social Communications),
Uzhhorod National University, 3 Narodna Square, Uzhhorod, Transcarpathian region, Ukraine, 88000, e-mail: [email protected].
ORCID: 0000-0001-6770-5505.Introduction. The activity of the television organizations of Luhansk region was analyzed, which proved the stages of its development. The stage of development, which falls on the period 2015-2022, is detailed.
Relevance of the study. The purpose of the article is to analyze the mass communication activities of the regional TV channels of the Luhansk region in the conditions of hybrid aggression and the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, which involves clarifying the features and stages of the development of television broadcasting, determining the existing threats to the information security system, and analyzing the activities of Luhansk region’s television companies during 2015-2022.
Methodology. A set of general scientific and special scientific methods and techniques was used: descriptive, comparative-historical, classification, statistical. Collectively, they became the only mechanism for performing the assigned tasks.
Results. The deep integration of the media into the local political system, which in its majority had anti-Ukrainian views, was confirmed, which during the period of controversial events contributed to the formation and dissemination of anti-Ukrainian narratives by means of television, the active use of the media resource to carry out informational attacks towards Ukraine. First destroyed in 2014 due to Russia’s occupation of part of the territory and revived in 2015 on the territories controlled by Ukraine, TV, developing in the system of the national information space, faced problems of a systemic nature, some of which posed a threat to the national security of Ukraine. A full-scale invasion once again destroyed the regional TV and led to the occupation of new territories and the annexation of the sovereign information field.
Conclusions. Unresolved security challenges and a full-scale war led to the occupation of almost the entire territory of Luhansk region, the destruction of the Ukrainian regional television system, the annexation of the sovereign information field and its frequency resource used by Russian propaganda broadcasters. We consider further studies of mass communication activities in the conditions of an emergency, hybrid and military aggression to be promising in view of the presence of challenges for the global system of information and transnational security.Key words: information war, regional television, national space, national security, telecasting.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 26.12.2022
| Title: | Journalism is in extreme terms. Transformation of genres |
| Author:
DOI: |
Vasylenko Mykyta
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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The article is sanctified to the problem of genre transformation in the extreme terms of war. One change results in a change other in to the once stable «chain» of genre presentation. Demand grows on operative genres. Analytic geometry diminishes in an amount, it will be everyday to care the journalists of high quality of materials. At the same time the dominant of informative group influences at choice the reader of corresponding genres in an artistic publicism.
Key words: war, reporting, analytic geometry, reader, genre.
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UDC 007: 304: 070 (477)
Journalism is in extreme terms. Transformation of genres
Vasylenko Mykyta, D.Sc. (Philology), Professor,
Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Educational and Scientific Institute of Journalism, st. Yuriy Ilyenka, 36/1, Kyiv, 04119, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8592-7029Introduction. Military topics, problems of survival and prospects of victory have become leading in the materials of modern ZMK. A huge array of information needs scientific analysis.
The topicality of the topic is due to drastic, sometimes unpredictable changes in public consciousness, which caused an adequate reaction in publications in domestic ZMK. The depiction and analysis of extreme events in which the heroes of reports, articles, and essays act require a new method of collecting and analyzing facts.
The novelty consists first of all in the formulation and actualization of the problem itself, since up to now mostly cursory questions and individual nuances of the global problem have been clarified. The task of scientific understanding and extrapolation to the practice of transforming genres in the extreme conditions of wartime could not arise earlier due to objective reasons.
The goal is to try to grasp the essence and significance for the next critical understanding, ethical and aesthetic perception of new genre varieties that have arisen as a result of extreme events.
Task. To single out certain genres of print and Internet journalism that have changed the most recently, to characterize the characteristic features of this transformation.
Research methods. The introductory part of the work is based on the historical and comparative method. The second part of scientific intelligence includes the monitoring method. The hermeneutic method came in handy when it was necessary to analyze complicated stylistic constructions in the latest genre forms.
Research results and prospects. The main conclusion of the study is the ascertainment of the fact of the transformation of the genre system in the extreme conditions of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The analysis of the empirical material proved that informative and journalistic and analytical journalistic materials have changed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The author sees further prospects for the study of the problem in the deepening and expanded interpretation of the already outlined topics. The problem of analyzing new editions also seems promising.Key words: war, reporting, analytic geometry, reader, genre.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 28.02.2023
| Title: | Specifics and trends of coverage of religious conflicts in the media environment |
| Author:
DOI: |
Opanasenko Yulia
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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The article examines news content on religious topics of Internet resources of the Sumy, Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk regions. The publications of the sites «Panorama», «Slobidskyi kray», «Pervaya polosa» and «62.ua» were analyzed. The purpose of the study is to find out the current state and trends in the coverage of religious conflicts in the mass media environment. To investigate how Ukrainian local media changed their approach to the topic in the period in the period of war. To achieve the results, we analyzed the materials to ensure completeness of information, demonstration of different points of view, presence of excessive emotionality, genre diversity. Based on empirical observations, it was determined that before the full-scale war, content with a religious component was mostly created for informational and entertainment purposes. It was revealed that during the invasion of Russia into Ukraine, the vector of genres shifted exclusively to news, the level of hate speech increased, there is a tendency to ignore important religious topics and completely reject them.
Key words: media, conflict, religious conflict, church, religion, information space. -
UDC 007 : 304 : 070
Specifics and trends of coverage of religious conflicts in the media environment
Opanasenko Yulia, PhD student,
Sumy State University, 2, Rymskoho-Korsakova St., Sumy, 40007, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected]
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1317-2987Introduction. In times of great upheaval, people feel an urgent need to see a measured and balanced picture of events. It soothes, gives a sense of control over one’s life. In Ukrainian society, there is an increased interest in the topic of religion, because two-thirds of citizens consider themselves believers. Considering such a high percentage of believers in Ukraine, representatives of the mass media sector cannot and should not avoid the topic of religion, especially when it comes to conflict situations.
Relevance of the study. Since the war waged by Russia against Ukraine also has a pronounced religious aspect, it is relevant to investigate how the approach of domestic regional media to covering the specified topic changed before and during the large-scale war.
Methodology. The research used such methods as content analysis, the comparison method, the systematic approach, and the generalization method. To achieve the results, the content of the publications of the Sumy, Kharkiv, Luhansk and Donetsk regions, namely the Internet resources “Panorama”, “Slobidskyi kray”, “Pervaya polosa” and “62.ua” were analyzed. Monitoring was carried out from 01.01.2022 to 06.30.2022.
Results. Analysis of the content of online publications of the North-Eastern region revealed that on the eve of a full-scale war, materials on religious topics were mostly informative and entertaining in nature. During a full-scale war, the choice of genres shifted exclusively to news. Journalists did not use new formats that would interest young people, either before or during the war. During the large-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine, the degree of tension in publications on the specified topic increased significantly. Hate speech, emotionalism and irrevocability appeared in the materials. The tonality of the headlines and quotes of the headlines and quotes in the news speaks of the aggravation of the religious conflict between representatives of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church and the Orthodox Church of Ukraine. There are cases when journalists use unverified information, which is a direct violation of journalistic standards. There is a noticeable tendency to ignore important religious topics.
Conclusions. A promising direction for further research can be a comparative analysis of coverage of religious topics in other regions of Ukraine. It will help to form a general picture of its presentation before and during the full-scale war in Ukraine. Based on the results of these studies, it is possible to formulate basic recommendations for journalists.
Key words: media, conflict, religious conflict, church, religion, information space.Стаття надійшла до редакції 15.02.2023
| Title: | Information and Communication Activities: Content and Audience Characteristics |
| Author:
DOI: |
Mitchuk Olha, Krupskyy Ivan,
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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The article aims to study the content and audience characteristics of social communications as the basic concepts of information culture functioning. The scale of the informatization of society is analyzed, where the development of the «Internet» network caused a qualitatively new nature of the production and distribution of information and the need to develop new approaches to the individual management of information flows. Fundamental technological changes based on the use of computer technology are characterized, which gave a powerful impetus to the development and revision of the conceptual base, which became the object of multi-faceted scientific investigations of information and communication activities.
Key words: audience, information and communication activity, information society, mass media, content, mass media. -
UDC 316.77
Information and Communication Activities: Content and Audience Characteristics
Mitchuk Olha, D.Sc. (Social Communications), Professor,
Borys Grinchenko University of Kyiv, Faculty of Journalism, Kyiv, 13-B, Levka Lukianenka Str., 04212, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].
ORSID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1011-7320
Krupskyy Ivan, D.Sc. (Historical), Professor,
Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Faculty of Journalism, 1, Universytetska Str., 79000 Lviv, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].
ORSID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-499XIntroduction. The relevance of the research is aimed at revising traditional technologies and transitioning to the creation of highly effective management systems for the entire complex of information resources.
The aim of the study. The purpose of the article is to determine the main regularities of the formation of information and communication activities, in particular content and audience characteristics. The object of research is the information and communication activity of social communications. The subject of scientific research is the content and audience characteristics of the basic concept of the functioning of information culture.
Methods. The basis of scientific research is the analysis of theoretical studies. Processing of the source base was based on the application of analytical-synthetic, logical methods, principles of selection, analysis and generalization of research material. The methodology of typological and species segregation was used as a method of determining the specificity of the segmentation of certain realities, content and audience characteristics were formulated. The analytical method was used to reveal the typological factors of information and communication activities. The inductive method made it possible to carry out a general analysis of existing points of view on the investigated problem.
Results and conclusions. The means of mass communication are a reflection of the consciousness of both an individual and society in general. All attempts to highlight the socio-cultural features of modern mass communication media, which do not take into account the mass communication media themselves as a phenomenon of combining content and constructive-visual forms of information presentation, go beyond the journalistic characteristics of these media. It is correct to interpret any events not in the traditional typological context of the documentary form of mass communication means, but in the technological context, which involves the use of flexible approaches to mass communication means.Key words: audience, information and communication activity, information society, mass media, content, mass media.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 18.02.2023
| Title: | The geographical disparity in the terrorism coverage on Ukrainian TV |
| Author:
DOI: |
Myslovskyi Ihor
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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The article analyzes the geographical aspect of the terrorism coverage on Ukrainian TV and its correspondence to the real terrorist situation worldwide. Numerous foreign studies indicate the disproportionality of media coverage of terrorism by the actual terrorist threat in many aspects, which provides a distorted understanding of this phenomenon among the audience. Having conducted the content analysis of news about terrorism on the five highest-rated Ukrainian TV channels and the comparative analysis of the obtained results with the statistical data from the Global Terrorism Database, the author argues that there is a geographical disparity in the terrorism coverage on Ukrainian TV which makes it impossible for the Ukrainian viewer to shape a valid image of the terrorist situation in the world based on Ukrainian TV news.
Key words: news about terrorism, Ukrainian TV, geography of terrorism, media and terrorism.
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UDC 070 : 621.397.13 : 323.28
The geographical disparity in the terrorism coverage on Ukrainian TV
Myslovskyi Ihor, PhD student,
Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 36/1, Yuriia Illienka Street, Kyiv, Ukraine, 04119, Ukraine, e-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7122-8086Introduction. Specific journalist criteria in selecting and filtering terrorist information, the inconsistent media coverage of terrorism in short forms, and media framing of terrorism news can shape a distorted understanding of this phenomenon on a global scale for the audience. This can lead to many negative consequences for a society, particularly the loss of its functional and organizational capabilities to resist terrorism and adequately respond to attacks due to the lack of relevant information.
Relevance of the study. As terrorism has become part of Ukrainian media agenda-setting, research on this topic is highly relevant. The findings of our previous studies have demonstrated a particular concentration of media attention on terrorist attacks in the West and an ignoring of the terrorist activities in the world in general. Therefore, we tend to analyze the geographical aspect of the terrorism coverage on Ukrainian TV and its correspondence to the actual terrorist situation worldwide.
Methodology. Content analysis is the main research method. The empirical data is collected from the news programs on the five highest-rated Ukrainian TV channels («Ukraina», «ICTV», «1+1», «Inter» and «STB»). The monitoring covered 769 news programs from September 2019 to September 2020, in which 154 news stories about terrorism were found. Among the categorical units of the content analysis was the «geography» of the news story, which included the country and region identification. Having applied the comparative analysis, we could compare the obtained data with the statistics of the Global Terrorism Database, which more accurately echoed the actual terrorist situation globally.
Results. The timing of all news about terrorism in South Asia (the most active region in the context of terrorism, where more than a third of all attacks occurred) was only 0.65% of the total volume of terrorism media coverage. Sub-Saharan Africa, where every fourth terrorist attack took place, was represented by only four news reports from the Inter’s correspondent. The third region with the most terrorist activity, the Middle East and North Africa, was mainly highlighted with geopolitical context, ignoring actual terrorist incidents. Ukrainian TV focused on covering national terrorist incidents the most. However, TV channels also concentrated their media attention on the Western world (Western Europe, North America, Eastern Europe), while only 5 % of all terrorist incidents worldwide happened in these regions. Simultaneously, the geographical disparity was discovered in the representation of the world’s countries. Moreover, none of the ten deadliest terrorist attacks was covered by Ukrainian TV channels.
Conclusions. Ukrainian TV channels produce a geographical disparity in the media coverage of the terrorism topic, which not only does not correspond to the actual terrorist situation worldwide but also shapes a false image and distorted understanding of the phenomenon by a viewer. Ukrainian journalists can use the research findings to balance the geographical aspect of terrorism media coverage.Key words: news about terrorism, Ukrainian TV, geography of terrorism, media and terrorism.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 08.02.2023
| Title: | The program of the public broadcaster «Election District» as a way of informing about the candidates |
| Author:
DOI: |
Mostipan Tetiana
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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The article analyses the releases of the «Electoral District. Local» and «Electoral district. Debates» dedicated to informing about candidates for the positions of mayors of Uzhhorod, Sumy, Chernivtsi. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a detailed analysis of aspects of informing voters about political candidates at the regional level. In the conditions of decentralization, the level of responsibility for the selection of the leadership of local self-government bodies increases, and therefore, the need of voters to receive versatile, objective and unbiased information about candidates, in particular in a discussion format, increases. The goal is to analyse the releases of the «Electoral District. Local» with candidates for the positions of mayors of Uzhgorod, Sumy and Chernivtsi in order to identify the peculiarities of informing about candidates by the editorial offices of the regional branches of the public broadcaster. 12 editions of programs produced by regional affiliates of the public broadcaster were studied and described. The thematic direction and structural components of the programs, features of informing about candidates for the positions of city mayors have been revealed.
Key words: public broadcasting, election process, National Public Television and Radio Company of Ukraine, information space, post-truth.
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UDC 316.77:654.1(477)
The program of the public broadcaster «Election District» as a way of informing about the candidates
Mostipan Tetiana, PhD student,
Sumy State University, 2, Rymsky-Korsakov St., Sumy, 40007, Ukraine, е-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1715-3276.Introduction. Ukrainian society suffers from aggressive information influences. Information attacks traditionally increase before elections in Ukraine, when citizens receive and consume masses of information. Presentation of information about the candidate ensures the voter’s right to objective, comprehensive and impartial information, defined by the Election Code.
Relevance of the study. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a detailed analysis of aspects of informing voters about political candidates at the regional level.
Methodology. The main research method was content analysis, during which 9 programs were studied. The method of description made it possible to outline all the aspects of each of the program releases obtained as a result of the content analysis. Differences in formats and thematic direction of programs were determined by the method of comparison. The method of systematization made it possible to organize the results obtained during the research, the method of generalization – to draw meaningful conclusions of scientific intelligence.
Results. In order to present to the electorate the candidates for the post of mayors of Uzhgorod, Sumy and Chernivtsi, the regional branches of Public broadcaster prepared and aired 12 programs: 9 issues of the project «Electoral district. Local» and 3 – «Electoral district. Debate».The content analysis showed that the programs of all branches contained the following structural components: a videocard of the candidate, self-presentation, questions from the editors of the public, questions from community residents. The programs of the Zakarpattia branch received the fewest views on YouTube video hosting, from 173 to 1090 views. The most are the information products of the Bukovyna broadcaster: one of the releases was viewed by more than 12,000 users.
Conclusions. «Electoral district. Local» and «Electoral district. Debates» became the first projects of regional television, which systematically and in detail provided viewers with information about the candidates, their programs and created a platform for discussion between politicians. We consider the study of discussion programs and other formats implemented by regional branches of the public broadcaster of Ukraine to be promising.Key words: public broadcasting, election process, National Public Television and Radio Company of Ukraine, information space, post-truth.
Стаття надійшла до редакції 09.11.2022
| Title: | Diverse News For Young Minds: Scandinavian Perspectives |
| Author:
DOI: |
Katerynych Petro
ISSN 2415-8496 |
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This study analyzes the visual, content, and digital diversity in newspapers for children in the Scandinavian region, focusing on Aftenposten Junior (Norway), SvD Junior (Sweden), and Postimees Juunior (Estonia). Our findings show that all three newspapers demonstrate a commitment to diversity in their content and visuals, but their approaches vary. Aftenposten Junior focuses on environmental and political issues, while SvD Junior emphasizes cultural diversity and social justice. Postimees Juunior has a stronger focus on children’s interests and activities. The study highlights the importance of diversity in newspapers for children and provides insights for publishers and editors to engage young readers through relevant content and visuals.
Key words: visual diversity, content diversity, digital diversity, children newspapers, Aftenposten Junior, SvD Junior, Postimees Juunior.
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UDC 007 : 372.4 (087.5)
Контентне розмаїття у виданнях для дітей: досвід Скандинавії
Катеринич Петро, доктор філософії з журналістики,
Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, Навчально-науковий інститут журналістики, вул. Юрія Іллєнка, 36⁄1, м. Київ, 04119, Україна, e-mail: [email protected].
ORCID – https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5967-2368Вступ. Aftenposten Junior, SvD Junior та Postimees Juunior – три газети, що з’явилися в Норвегії, Швеції та Естонії відповідно. Предметом дослідження є газети для дітей – Aftenposten Junior, SvD Junior та Postimees Juunior. Об’єктом дослідження є різноманітність візуального контенту та цифрових функцій цих газет, а також те, як вони сприяють підвищенню медіаграмотності та громадянської активності серед юних читачів.
Актуальність. Хоча існують дослідження газет для дітей загалом, вивчення схожості та відмінностей між газетами з різних країн і регіонів обмаль. Досліджуючи підходи Aftenposten Junior, SvD Junior та Postimees Juunior, ми отримуємо уявлення, як газети для дітей можуть бути адаптовані до потреб та інтересів різних авдиторій.
Методологія. Для проведення порівняльного аналізу видань Aftenposten Junior, SvD Junior та Postimees Junior ми спочатку визначили критерії оцінки візуального, текстового та цифрового різноманіття. Потім систематично переглянули та проаналізували публікації, зосередившись на обраних критеріях. Для візуального різноманіття ми оцінювали використання зображень у публікаціях. Для текстового різноманіття розглядали тематику та висвітлені питання, а також представлення різних точок зору. Щодо цифрового розмаїття, ми оцінювали ступінь цифрової інтерактивності та залучення, які пропонує кожне видання. Після завершення аналізу порівняли результати трьох видань, виокремивши подібності та відмінності в їхньому візуальному, текстовому та цифровому розмаїтті.
Результати. Завдяки порівняльному аналізу Aftenposten Junior, SvD Junior та Postimees Juunior ми виявили, як ці видання успішно використовують візуальне та текстове розмаїття для створення цікавих та інформативних новин для юних читачів. Іншим важливим аспектом цифрового різноманіття є впровадження мультимедійних елементів для покращення читацького досвіду.
Висновки. Дослідження проливає світло на виклики та можливості дизайну газет для дітей, беручи до уваги необхідність візуального та текстового розмаїття для утримання уваги юних читачів.
Ключові слова: візуальне різноманіття, контентне різноманіття, цифрове різноманіття, дитячі газети, Aftenposten Junior, SvD Junior, Postimees Juunior.Стаття надійшла до редакції 15.02.2023.